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Mine Fires

Fire: Fuels, in the form of solids, liquids or gases undergo rapid chemical change by interacting with oxygen or oxidants releasing large amounts of energy at fast rate that results in the form heat and light. The Fire Triangle Three factors make a fire triangle: Fuel Heat Oxygen.

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Mine Fires

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  1. Fire: Fuels, in the form of solids, liquids or gases undergo rapid chemical change by interacting with oxygen or oxidants releasing large amounts of energy at fast rate that results in the form heat and light. The Fire Triangle Three factors make a fire triangle: Fuel Heat Oxygen Mine Fires Air Heat Fire Fuel

  2. Mine Fires

  3. Mine Fires • Ignition sources: • Exogenous fires (ignition from external source) • Frictional heating • Over heating • Open flames • Sparking from electrical equipment • Endogenous fires (ignition from spontaneous heating) • Spontaneous combustion

  4. Mine Fires • Requirements for sustenance of a fire • Availability of fuel • Adequate quantity of heat for exothermic reaction • Necessary supply of oxygen for supporting exothermic reaction Smothering oxygen Heat cooling Control of fire Fuel Starvation

  5. Mine Fires Classification of fires: Type A fires: Fires involving solids combustible materials of organic nature like wood, rubber, plastic, paper, etc. Type B fires: They involve inflammable liquids like gasoline, lubricating oils, greases, fuel oils, etc.

  6. Mine Fires Type C fires: All electrical fires such as fires like electrical motors, transformers, trolley wire, battery equipment fires, etc. Type D fires: Fires involving combustible metals like Mg, Al, Zn, Na, K, Zr, ti, etc. Control: Type A: cooling effect of water Type B: blanketing effect (cutting off oxygen supply) Type C: Inert gas , powder extinguishers Type D: special media to extinguish due to danger of chemical reaction

  7. Mine Fires • Effects of underground fires • Common Hazards • Production of combustible gases • Flash over phenomenon of the fire • Back lush of smoke • Effect on underground ventilation • Inaccessibility problems • Associated damages

  8. Mine Fires • Gas hazards • Risk of dust or gas explosions • Risk of toxic or asphyxiating gases • Flash over of fire • Sudden bursting of flames all over resulting in fast spread of fire and increasing its dimensions. It is much difficult to control over fire once fire gets fully developed. • Back lush of smoke • In a mine smoke and combustible products may travel back to a considerable distance depending upon the extent of the fire and roadway dip. A dipping roadway assists the backing of smoke.

  9. Mine Fires • Principles of combating fires • Using chemical extinguishers like foam type or powder type • Application of water • Infusion of slurry/solid inert • Gel infusion • Inert gas infusion • Removing fuel body • Sealing off the fire

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