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Understanding Geologic Hazards Through Space Geodesy

This introduction explores geodesy, measuring Earth's shape and changes, with applications from planetary physics to surface monitoring. Learn how fault slip causes tsunamis, like those in the Indian Ocean, and how GPS aids in hazard assessment.

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Understanding Geologic Hazards Through Space Geodesy

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  1. geologic hazards & space geodesy part 1: Introduction

  2. thanks • Ken Hudnut, USGS • Roger Bilham, University of Colorado • USAID, ADPC, USGS • Thai National Disaster Warning Center • Chulalongkorn University

  3. Geodesy measuring the shape of the earth…

  4. and measuring changes

  5. Many applications

  6. From planetary physics

  7. to Earth structure

  8. to surface monitoring

  9. What changes in the shape of the earth are associated with tsunamis?

  10. What causes tsunamis?

  11. What causes tsunamis? • Fault slip caused the sea floor to deform (4-5 meters up, and 10-11 meters to the west) • This pushed the water and formed the tsunami • Model by Dr. Chen Ji at Caltech, funded by USGS external research program

  12. Before events

  13. WEST EAST Indian Ocean Sumatra Before events Where the India plate is pushed down beneath the Banda micro-plate, it is being SUBDUCTED. Where the two plates’ surfaces are sliding past each other, it gets caught for hundreds of years and then the stored stress is released in a big earthquake.

  14. Before events

  15. Before events • Temporal variations do occur: • Clustering (e.g., Basin & Range, ECSZ, Asia) • Discrepant geological and geodetic rates • Sequences involving fault interaction (e.g., Joshua Tree - Landers - Big Bear - Hector Mine; Anatolian system, etc.) • Implement robust research findings into hazard assessment Courtesy Anke Friedrich

  16. During events

  17. During events

  18. During events

  19. During events Courtesy of Space Imaging and USGS CRSSP

  20. So how can GPS help?

  21. So how can GPS help?

  22. So how can GPS help?

  23. So how can GPS help?

  24. So how can GPS help? O. Konca, Caltech

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