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The new politics of pastoralism: identity, justice and global activism. Caroline Upton University of Leicester, cu5@le.ac.uk. Outline. Environmental justice: scale & scope Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’ Definitions Events & spaces
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The new politics of pastoralism: identity, justice and global activism Caroline Upton University of Leicester, cu5@le.ac.uk
Outline • Environmental justice: scale & scope • Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’ • Definitions • Events & spaces • Dimensions of justice: contesting development • Identity politics • Injustice • Accountability & representation • Conclusions
Environmental justice: scale & scope • Scale: • creation of transnational spaces • vertical extensions of justice struggles, ‘globalising vertically’ (Walker 2009:370) • interlinked spatialities & accountabilities • state & identity
Environmental justice: scale & scope • Scope: • distributive justice • (mis)recognition • trivalence (Schlosberg, 2004) • identity (formation) & legitimacy
Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’ • Definitions: • Pastoralism as ‘an adaptive production strategy assuring the economic survival of hundreds of millions of people as well as a way of life contributing to the sustainable management of natural resources and the conservation of nature’ (Segovia Declaration, 2007) • ‘pastoralism [should be understood as]... a mode of perception as well as a mode of production (Markakis, 2004:14). • Mobility and indigeneity
Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’ Events and spaces (1): Turmi, Ethiopia, 2005: ‘almost for the first time...put pastoral voices ahead of others in the debate about pastoral futures...’ (Scott-Villiers, 2005)
Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’ Events and spaces (2): Segovia Global Pastoralists’ Gathering, Spain 2007: Segovia Declaration: • Cognitive & procedural justice • Adaptive capacity & conservation • Contesting development (Source: IUCN, WISP)
Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’ Events and spaces (3): World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous Peoples (WAMIP)
Dimensions of justice: contesting development • Identity politics: • Indigenous and pastoralist identities • Mongolia • Kenya • Injustice • marginalisation • land issues • misrecognition
Dimensions of justice: contesting development e.g. Endorois case, Kenya: • conservation /indigeneity framings • explicit recognition of ‘right to development’ • ‘Kenya’s new indigenes’ (Lynch, 2011) (Source: ditshwanelo.org.bw) Source:justconservation.org (Source: galdu.org)
Dimensions of justice: contesting development • Accountability & representation: • Politics of representation e.g. Segovia, UNPFII • Trade-offs & efficacy: achieving tripartite environmental justice
Conclusions • Global environmental justice: contesting development? • Role of identity politics • Efficacy & limitations • Future prospects