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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. The Nature of Science. Sec. 1: Methods of Science. Science —a method for studying the natural world. 3 Major categories of Science Life science—living things Earth science—Earth and space Physical science—matter and energy. The Scientific Method.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 The Nature of Science

  2. Sec. 1: Methods of Science • Science—a method for studying the natural world. • 3 Major categories of Science • Life science—living things • Earth science—Earth and space • Physical science—matter and energy

  3. The Scientific Method • Scientific Method—an organized set of investigative procedures. • 6 steps of the scientific method • State the problem—observe an event in nature and ask “why?” • Gather information—learn about the background of the problem • Form a hypothesis—make a prediction that explains the observation

  4. More Scientific Method • 6 Steps of the scientific method continued • Test the hypothesis—conduct experiments to prove (or disprove) the hypothesis • Analyze data—record and organize observations • Draw conclusions—decide whether the hypothesis was supported (if not, go back)

  5. The Scientific Method

  6. Experimenting • Experiment—tests the effect of one thing on another using controlled conditions. • An experiment needs at least 2 variables. • Variable—a quantity that can have more than one value. • Independent variable—the variable you change in the experiment. • Dependent variable—changes because another variable changes.

  7. Example: identify the variables • You set up an experiment to determine which of 3 fertilizers helps plants grow the most. • In this experiment: • What is the independent variable? • type of fertilizer • What is the dependent variable? • amount of growth

  8. Experimenting (continued) • A good experiment should include constants and a control. • Constant—a factor that does not change when other variables change. • Control—the standard by which test results can be compared.

  9. Example: identify constants and control Fertilizer Experiment • You set up 4 trials using the same soil, water, sunlight, and type of plant. Three of the plants receive a different type of fertilizer. The 4th is not fertilized. • What are the constants? • Soil, water, sunlight, & type of plant • What is the control? • The 4th, unfertilized plant

  10. Scientific Theories and Laws • Theory—an explanation of things based on many observations and experiments • NOT A GUESS • A theory can be disproved by further experimentation. • Scientific law—a statement about what happens in nature that seems to be true all the time. • Example: gravity

  11. Limitations of Science • Science is a way of explaining the world. • Science cannot explain or solve everything. • Science cannot answer questions about emotions or values.

  12. Temperature Conversions Converting to: Converting from

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