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Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury. Brittany Burnette Candice Holmes. What is TBI?. A sudden injury to the brain caused by physical force hitting the head or piercing the skull Can be mild, moderate or severe Results in total or partial disability. Causes of TBI. Falls Motor Vehicle accidents

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Traumatic Brain Injury

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  1. Traumatic Brain Injury Brittany Burnette Candice Holmes

  2. What is TBI? • A sudden injury to the brain caused by physical force hitting the head or piercing the skull • Can be mild, moderate or severe • Results in total or partial disability

  3. Causes of TBI • Falls • Motor Vehicle accidents • Physical Abuse (Shaken baby syndrome) or Assaults • Sport related injuries

  4. Characteristics • Characteristics can appear across multiple domains: medical, sensory motor, cognitive, and social personality • Depending on the severity of the injury characteristics vary. • Problems in understanding language • Complications in speaking • Anxiety • Difficulty sequencing • Loss of understanding the BIG Pictures • Reduced thinking speed • Confusion • Reduced Attention and concentration

  5. Problems for students who have TBI • Misdiagnosed • Fall behind in grade level • Behavior Problems • Reintegration into schools • Hospital-to-School Transition Services • 21% of youths with TBI • Informal Services • 41% of youth with TBI

  6. Instructional Strategies • Direct Instruction • Deadline Extensions • Break Task into Smaller Assignments • Flexible Programming • Quiet Environment • Low Student-Teacher Ratio • Positive Reinforcement • Intervention begin early and across settings • Explanation of Rules, Rewards, and Consequences • Short, Concise Instructions • Verbal Feedback

  7. Accommodations and Modifications • More time to finish classwork/homework and test • Written directions/schedule • Give examples and model for students • Constant routines • Diminish any distractions • Be patient • Modify workload • Environmental modifications • Flexible and Creative when meeting students’ needs • Monitor interventions over time

  8. Case Study Examples • Jimmy: A Case Study

  9. Assistive Technology Programs • Devices for Memory and Organization • Calendar Boards • Schedule Organizers • Specialized watches • Devices to Access Information • Speech Recognition • Screen Reading Software

  10. Parent and Teacher Organizations • Brain Injury Association www.biausa.org • Brain Injury Association of GA http://www.braininjurygeorgia.org/ • National Resource Center for Traumatic Brain Injury www.neuro.pmr.vcu.edu

  11. Resources • http://www.biausa.org/living-with-brain-injury.htm • http://ese.dadeschools.net/tbi/2classroom.html • http://nichcy.org/disability/specific/tbi#help • http://www.oasas.ny.gov/tbi/stats.cfm • http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/EJ890585.pdf • http://web.ebscohost.com.proxygsu-gwin.galileo.usg.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=84e4f4eb-980d-410e-971e-2d55155ce444%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=18 • http://web.ebscohost.com.proxygsu-gwin.galileo.usg.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=0722022d-de51-46a9-b8e2-2422ad59d7fb%40sessionmgr15&vid=2&hid=18

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