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Chapter 50

Chapter 50 . Beethoven’s Middle Period: 1802–1814. Lecture Overview. Beethoven’s life and times during the middle period (c1802-c1814) The “new way”: Beethoven’s innovations Symphonies of the middle period Napoleon Bonaparte Symphony No. 3 in Eb ( Eroica ), 1802-1805

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Chapter 50

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  1. Chapter 50 Beethoven’s Middle Period: 1802–1814

  2. Lecture Overview • Beethoven’s life and times during the middle period (c1802-c1814) • The “new way”: Beethoven’s innovations • Symphonies of the middle period • Napoleon Bonaparte • Symphony No. 3 in Eb (Eroica), 1802-1805 • Time permitting: Fidelio, Leonore’s aria “Abscheulicher!” (1814) • Review

  3. Events in Beethoven’s Life During the Middle Period • 1802 suicidal despair over deafness; writes the Heiligenstadt Testament • 1804 disillusionment as Napoleon crowns himself Emperor • 1805 opera Fidelio completed and premiered • 1809 receives annuity from three Viennese nobility; Haydn dies • 1812 love affair with Antonie Brentano reaches crisis point; letter addresses her as the “Immortal Beloved” • 1813 plan for Beethoven to become guardian of nephew, Karl, upon the death of Beethoven’s brother • 1814 fall of Napoleon; Congress of Vienna is convened

  4. Portrait of Beethoven c1806 Beethoven’s aristocratic and wealthy patrons often commissioned the painting of his portrait during the composer’s middle period. In 1806, two portraits of him were made by the Viennese painter Isidor Neugass, one for Prince Karl Lichnowsky (Beethoven’s most important early patron in Vienna), the other (shown here) for the Brunsvik family. Two of the Brunsvik daughters—Josephine and Therese—were Beethoven’s piano students, and Josephine was one of his many love interests.

  5. Beethoven’s Principal Music of his Middle Period (1802–1814) • Piano Sonatas: Nos. 21–27 (including the Waldstein, Appassionata, and Farewell Sonatas) • Symphonies: Nos. 3–8 • Concertos: Nos. 3–5 for piano; Violin Concerto • String Quartets: Nos. 7–11 (including the three Razumovsky Quartets, Op. 59) • Violin Sonatas: Nos. 6–10 (including the Kreutzer Sonata) • Trios (violin-cello-piano): Nos. 5–7 (including the Archduke Trio) • Opera: Fidelio

  6. Beethoven Symphony No. 3 in Eb Major (Eroica), 1802-1805, movement 2 (“Funeral March”) Ternary form

  7. Review Key Terms • Heiligenstadt Testament • symphonie concertante • academy • program music • melodrama • cabaletta • “Immortal Beloved”

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