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Chapter 1 Energy and Matter

Chapter 1 Energy and Matter. What are the different forms of energy related to changes in matter?. Like matter, energy is never created or destroyed It simply is transformed – changes from one form to another Energy is all around you and comes in many forms

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Chapter 1 Energy and Matter

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  1. Chapter 1 Energy and Matter

  2. What are the different forms of energy related to changes in matter? • Like matter, energy is never created or destroyed • It simply is transformed – changes from one form to another • Energy is all around you and comes in many forms • Forms of energy related to changes in matter include, kinetic, potential, chemical, electromagnetic, electrical, and thermal energy

  3. What is kinetic energy?What are some examples? • All matter has energy of at least one form • Kinetic energy is the energy of matter in motion • For example, a rolling bowling ball has kinetic energy and can do work by knocking down bowling pins • If you drop the bowling ball on your toe, you’ll experience the work done by the kinetic energy of the falling ball • Even though you can’t see them, the smallest particles of matter have kinetic energy because they are in constant random motion

  4. What is potential energy? • Potential energy is the energy an object has because of its position • For example, when you stretch a rubber band, your action gives potential energy to the rubber band to snap back and do work

  5. What are some other examples of potential energy? • The action of pushing your bike to the top of a hill takes energy • This energy is not wasted – instead it is stored in you and in the bike • This stored energy (potential energy) will change to kinetic energy as you coast back down the hill • As you went up the hill you increased the potential energy of both you and the bike

  6. What is chemical energy? • The internal energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms is a form of potential energy called chemical energy • When a chemical change occurs, these bonds are broken and new bonds are formed • If the change is exothermic ( energy is released), some of the chemical energy is transformed and released most often as thermal energy

  7. What is electromagnetic energy? • Electromagnetic energy is a form of energy that travels through space as waves • Visible light or the energy that reaches Earth in the form of sunlight is one example of electromagnetic energy • Other types of electromagnetic energy are radio waves, infrared “rays” from heat lamps, the waves that heat food in a microwave oven, ultraviolet rays, and x-rays

  8. Activotes

  9. How are chemical and physical changes related to electromagnetic energy? • Chemical changes can give off electromagnetic energy, such as the light from a wood fire • Also, electromagnetic energy may cause both chemical and physical changes in matter to occur • For example, a microwave oven can change a frozen block of food into a hot meal, which is a physical change

  10. What is electrical energy? • Electrical energy is the energy of electrically charged particles (electrons) moving from one place to another • Electrons move from one atom to another in many chemical changes • Electrolysis is an example of a chemical change that involves electrical energy

  11. What happens during electrolysis? • In electrolysis, electrical energy can be used to break down water (H20) into its elements (H2 and O2) • Two metal strips (electrodes) are placed in a solution • Each electrode is attached to a wire that is connected to a source of electrical energy (battery)

  12. What happens during electrolysis? • When the energy begins to flow atoms of one kind of element lose electrons at one electrode • At the other electrode atoms of the other element gain electrons • In the case of water, bubbles of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas form at separate electrodes so that the elements are separated

  13. How is energy transformed? • During a chemical change, chemical energy may be changed to others forms of energy and other forms of energy may also be changed to chemical energy • For example, the burning of fuel is a chemical change that transforms chemical energy and releases it as thermal energy and electromagnetic energy • When you push a bike up a hill, chemical energy from foods you ate is transformed into the kinetic energy of your moving muscles • In a similar way, other forms of energy can be changed into chemical energy

  14. Why is photosynthesis one of the most important energy transformation? • During photosynthesis, plants transform electromagnetic energy from the sun into chemical energy as they make molecules of sugar • These plants, along with animals and other living things that eat plants, transform this chemical energy once again • It becomes the energy needed to carry out life activities

  15. What kind of energy do you see here?

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