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Typical Arm Entry Stresses Shoulder Limits Performance

Shoulder Injuries: Technique Adjustments for Prevention and Rehabilitation Rod Havriluk, Ph.D. Swimming Technology Research Ted Becker, Ph.D., R.P.T. Everett Pacific Industrial Rehabilitation. Arm Entry in Fly and Free. Typical Arm Entry Stresses Shoulder Limits Performance.

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Typical Arm Entry Stresses Shoulder Limits Performance

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  1. Shoulder Injuries:Technique Adjustmentsfor Prevention and RehabilitationRod Havriluk, Ph.D.Swimming Technology ResearchTed Becker, Ph.D., R.P.T.Everett Pacific Industrial Rehabilitation

  2. Arm Entry in Fly and Free • Typical Arm Entry Stresses Shoulder Limits Performance • Modified Arm Entry Minimizes Shoulder Stress Improves Performance

  3. Prevalence of Injury • Over 50% of Sample Reported Injury • Most Affected Body Part - Shoulder • Most Common Diagnosis - Tendinitis Haupenthal, et al., 2006

  4. Injury by Stroke Specialty Haupenthal, et al., 2006

  5. Risk Factors • Training Distance • Muscular Imbalances • Harmful Technique Becker & Havriluk, 2006

  6. Risk Factor Control

  7. Arm Entry Stresses Shoulders

  8. More Shoulder Stress

  9. Maximum Shoulder Stress

  10. Maximum Shoulder Stress

  11. Hand Force Analysis Human Biomechanical Model

  12. Performance Limitation

  13. Wasted Time and Effort

  14. Weak Position

  15. Minimal Force

  16. Force Increase

  17. Wasted 43% of Stroke Cycle Becker & Havriluk, 2010

  18. Importance of Hand Force Havriluk, 2006

  19. Test Preparation

  20. Synchronized Video and Force

  21. Average Force for .1 sec

  22. Minimal Force As Pull Begins

  23. Lateral Motion Wastes Time

  24. Force Increase in .1 sec

  25. Ineffective Arm Entry

  26. Elbow Flexion Begins

  27. Force Increase in .1 sec

  28. Two Key Events in Fly * * Becker & Havriluk, 2010

  29. Magnitude of Force Increase Becker & Havriluk, 2010

  30. Conclusions Typical arm entry stresses shoulders. Minimal force is generated until: 1) hands submerge below shoulders 2) elbow flexion begins.

  31. Coaching Application Complete arm entry with hands below shoulders. Immediately begin pull with elbow flexion.

  32. Fly - Effective Entry

  33. Entry with Downward Angle

  34. No Wasted Time or Effort

  35. Elbow Flexion Increases Force

  36. Biomechanical Model

  37. Optimal Performance

  38. Typical Arm Entry - Free

  39. Typical Arm Entry - Free

  40. Arm Entry - Free Becker & Havriluk, in preparation

  41. Typical Arm Entry

  42. Minimal Force for .2 sec

  43. Arm Entry Issues - Free • Weak and Awkward Position • Intentional Timing Delay (Catch-Up Stroke)

  44. Ineffective Arm Entry

  45. Intentional Timing Delay

  46. Gaps in Propulsion

  47. Effective Arm Entry

  48. Overlaps in Propulsion

  49. Variation in Coordination • Gaps in Propulsion = Negative IdC (Catch-Up Stroke) • Overlaps in Propulsion = Positive IdC (Superposition) • “When expert swimmers increase their speed . . . only the superposition mode is observed.” Seifert, 2010

  50. Free - Effective Entry

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