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UNIT 1 – Area of Study 1 Body Systems & Human Movement

UNIT 1 – Area of Study 1 Body Systems & Human Movement. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. The cardiovascular system consists of the : Heart Blood vessels Blood Pulmonary circuit ( blood flow between the heart and lungs )

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UNIT 1 – Area of Study 1 Body Systems & Human Movement

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  1. UNIT 1 – Area of Study 1Body Systems & Human Movement THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

  2. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • The cardiovascular system consists of the : • Heart • Blood vessels • Blood • Pulmonary circuit ( blood flow between the heart and lungs ) • Systemic circuit – ( blood flow between the heart and the body )

  3. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • The functions of the cardiovascular system are to : • Circulate blood. • Bring O2 , water & nutrients to the cells. • Take CO2 & other wastes away from the cells. • Maintain body T0 & hydration. • Fight disease. • Blood clotting.

  4. THE HEART RIGHT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE

  5. THE HEART RIGHT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE LEFT VENTRICLE

  6. THE HEART RIGHT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE LEFT VENTRICLE

  7. THE HEART AORTA PULMONARY ARTERY SUPERIOR VENA CAVA PULMONARY VEIN RIGHT ATRIUM LEFT ATRIUM INFERIOR VENA CAVA RIGHT VENTRICLE LEFT VENTRICLE HEART MUSCLE

  8. THE HEART The heart has a number of heart valves that control the direction of blood flow through the heart.

  9. THE HEART The heart has a number of heart valves that control the direction of blood flow through the heart.

  10. THE HEART 1. Oxygenated blood arrives from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. • BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART :

  11. THE HEART 1. Oxygenated blood arrives from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. • BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART : 1 2. Oxygenated blood passes into the left ventricle.

  12. THE HEART 1. Oxygenated blood arrives from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. • BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART : 1 2. Oxygenated blood passes into the left ventricle. 2 3. A powerful contraction of the heart muscle surrounding the the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to the body.

  13. THE HEART 3 1. Oxygenated blood arrives from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. • BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART : 1 2. Oxygenated blood passes into the left ventricle. 2 3. A powerful contraction of the heart muscle surrounding the the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to the body.

  14. THE HEART 3 4. Deoxygenated blood comes back from the body and enters the right atrium through the vena cava • BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART : 1 2

  15. THE HEART 3 4 4. Deoxygenated blood comes back from the body and enters the right atrium through the vena cava • BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART : 1 5. Deoxygenated blood passes into the right ventricle. 2 4

  16. THE HEART 3 4 4. Deoxygenated blood comes back from the body and enters the right atrium through the vena cava • BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART : 1 5. Deoxygenated blood passes into the right ventricle. 2 4 6. Deoxygenated blood returns to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. 5

  17. THE HEART 3 4 6 4. Deoxygenated blood comes back from the body and enters the right atrium through the vena cava • BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART : 1 5. Deoxygenated blood passes into the right ventricle. 2 4 6. Deoxygenated blood returns to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. 5

  18. THE BLOOD VESSELS • The Blood vessels are intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body. • There are three major types of blood vessels: • ARTERIES- carry blood away from the heart • CAPILLARIES – allow the exchange of gases, nutrients & wastes between the blood and the tissues. • VEINS – carry blood back to the heart.

  19. THE BLOOD VESSELS arteries veins Capillaries Exchange between blood and cells venules arterioles

  20. THE BLOOD • Blood has a number of functions • Transport of gases, nutrients, wastes. • Fighting infection. • Regulation of temperature and hydration. • Adult males : 5-6 litres / Adult females : 4-5 litres.

  21. THE BLOOD • 55% of blood volume is PLASMA – a yellowy liquid containing water ( 90% ) , wastes & hormones. • 45% of blood volume is the blood cells : • RED BLOOD CELLS – contain haemoglobin which carries the oxygen • WHITE BLOOD CELLS – fight infection • PLATELETS – responsible for blood clotting.

  22. BLOOD PRESSURE • Blood pressure is the reason why blood circulates. • Blood will always flow from an area of high pressure to one of low pressure. • SYSTOLIC blood pressure is the highest pressure and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle contracts. ( 120 mmhg at rest ) • DIASTOLIC blood pressure is the lowest pressure and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle relaxes. ( 80 mmhg at rest )

  23. RESPONSES TO EXERCISE • Acute cardiovascularresponses to exercise: • Increased heart rate ( beats per minute ) • Increased stroke volume ( blood per beat ) • Increased cardiac output ( HR X SV ) • Increased systolic blood pressure ( diastolic remains fairly constant ) • Increased arterio-venous O2 diff. • Decreased blood plasma ( due to sweating ) • Increased blood flow to working muscles • Increased blood flow to lungs • Decreased blood flow to some organs ( digestion )

  24. REVISION QUESTIONS 1. The function of the cardiovascular system is to : A/ fight disease. B/ clot the blood. C/ maintain body temperature. D/ maintain hydration levels. E/ all of the above. F/ none of the above. 2. Blood from the left side of the heart is known as: A/ atrial. B/ venous. C/ deoxygenated. D/ oxygenated. 3. When the heart contracts it pumps blood into the: A/ arteries. B/ veins. C/ capillaries. D/ arterioles.

  25. REVISION QUESTIONS 4. After leaving the heart the blood will take the following pathway: A/ veins - venules - capillaries - arterioles - arteries. B/ arterioles - arteries - capillaries - veins - venules. C/ arteries - veins - capillaries - venules - arterioles. D/ arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins. 5. In which of the following does blood have the lowest concentration of oxygen ? A/ coronary artery B/ inferior vena cava C/ pulmonary vein D/ carotid artery During a bout of exercise, if the heart rate is 150 bpm. and the stroke volume is 100 ml/min - the cardiac output is: A/ 300 ml/min. B/ 1500 ml/min. C/ 15000 ml/min. D/ 30000 ml/min.

  26. REVISION QUESTIONS 7. The blood cells responsible for blood clotting are the: A/ plasma. B/ platelets. C/ red blood cells. D/ white blood cells. 8. The relaxation phase of the heart beat is known as the: A/ sino-atrial phase. B/ sinuses. C/ systole. D/ diastole. 9. The resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures for a healthy person at rest are A/ 200 and 100 mm Hg. B/ 120 and 180 mm Hg C/ 120 and 80 mm Hg. D/ 80 and 120 mm Hg.

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