Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANS)

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANS) Submission Title: [TRDA/TaiyoYuden – Antenna for UWB System] Date Submitted: [March 2003] Revised: [03 March 2003] Source: [Hironori Okado] Company [Taiyo Yuden Co.,Ltd.] Address [8-1 Sakaecho Takasaki-shi Gunma 370-8522 Japan] Voice [+81-27-324-2311] Fax[+81-27-324-2326] E-mail [h-okado@jty.yuden.co.jp] [Masa Horie, Mick Aoki] Company [TRDA Inc.] Address [10180 Telesis Court Suite120, San Diego, CA 92121] Voice [(858)554-0755] Fax [(858)455-7578] E-mail [mhorie@trda-inc.com, maoki@trda-inc.com] Re: [] Abstract: [This presentation is Introduction to small ceramic antenna for UWB system.] Purpose: [Tutorial Contribution] Notice: [This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.] Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15 Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

2. Antenna for Ultra Wideband System Hironori Okado (h-okado@jty.yuden.co.jp) Mick Aoki (maoki@trda-inc.com) Masa Horie (mhorie@trda-inc.com) Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd.TRDA Inc. Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

3. Presentation Overview • Common Antenna Measurement • TY’s Definition for UWB Antenna Measurement • TY’s UWB Antenna • TY’s Challenge for UWB Antenna • Measured Data • Conclusion Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

4. Presentation Topic • Common Antenna Measurement • TY’s Definition for UWB Antenna Measurement • TY’s UWB Antenna • TY’s Challenge for UWB Antenna • Measured Data • Conclusion Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

5. Common Antenna Measurement VSWR(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) Measure the S11 VSWR=1 50ohm Network Analyzer UWB Antenna Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

6. Standard antenna e.g. Standard horn antenna Double ridge horn antenna TX antenna e.g. Double ridge horn antenna TX antenna e.g. Double ridge horn antenna UWB antenna Prs(dBm) Pt(dBm) Prt(dBm) Pt(dBm) Gs(dBi) Gt(dBi) Rotation F F=0deg F=270deg F=90deg Gain（dBi） F=180deg Gain & Radiation Pattern Anechoic chamber Prs: Standard Antenna Received Power Gs: Standard Antenna Gain UWB Antenna Received Power UWB Antenna Gain Prt: Gt: Radiation Pattern 1. Rotate UWB Antenna 2. Plot Gt Gain Gt=Prt-Prs+Gs Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

7. Presentation Topic • Common Antenna Measurement • TY’s Definition for UWB Antenna Measurement • TY’s UWB Antenna • TY’s Challenge for UWB Antenna • Measured Data • Conclusion Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

8. 0dBi -a (dB) 1 +a (dB) Isotropic radiation １ １ TY’s Definition for UWB Antenna Measurement Mobile device – no orientation Assumption: Ideal Radiation Pattern is OMNI Directional (Isotropic Radiation) How to increase gain? Total radiation energy for total polarization radiation +a(dB)  Specific Direction Becomes Big Theoretical limit at zero-loss condition -a(dB)  Other Direction Becomes Weak Ideal Characteristic of Omni Direction is SPHERE Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

9. TY Definition for UWB Antenna Performance Measurement (cont.) Actual Measurement: Plane – 3 (XZ, YZ, XY) Polarization – 2 (Vertical, Horizontal) How to Calculate GAIN? Method #1:{(YZ(V) + YZ(H)) + (XZ(V) + XZ(H)) + (XY(V) + XY(H))}/3 Looks higher gain than the actual. Method #2: {(YZ(V) + YZ(H))/2 + (XZ(V) + XZ(H))/2 + (XY(V) + XY(H))/2 } /3 In the real world both V & H don’t always come to the antenna Take Method #2 Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

10. Presentation Topic • Common Antenna Measurement • TY’s Definition for UWB Antenna Measurement • TY’s UWB Antenna • TY’s Challenge for UWB Antenna • Measured Data • Conclusion Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

11. TY UWB Antenna Smaller Size • Target Application: • PC Card • miniPCI • Compact Flash Card • Memory Card Ceramic Technology High Dielectric Constant Material Smaller, Lower-Profile Antenna Size: 10 x 8 mm Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

12. Presentation Topic • Common Antenna Measurement • TY’s Definition for UWB Antenna Measurement • TY’s UWB Antenna • TY’s Challenge for UWB Antenna • Measured Data • Conclusion Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

13. VSWR Average Gain Phase (Group Delay) UWB Antenna Design Challenge Adding Multi Resonance Curve Doesn’t Work !! How to Design UWB Antenna? Need Antenna Design with Continuity in Ultra Wide Band Element Design Technology. Miniaturization TY’s Technology Compensate Impedance Matching in case of Built–in Antenna Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

14. Presentation Topic • Common Antenna Measurement • TY’s Definition for UWB Antenna Measurement • TY’s UWB Antenna • TY’s Challenge for UWB Antenna • Measured Data • Conclusion Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

15. Measured Data VSWR VSWR=2.2 Max (3 to 11GHz) Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

16. Radiation Pattern Unit : dBi 7GHz 3GHz 5GHz XY YZ XZ Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

17. Antenna Gain Total Average Gain = ( (YZ(V) + YZ(H))/2 + (XZ(V) + XZ(H))/2 + (XY(V) + XY(H))/2 ) /3 (Method #2) Unit: dBi (Showed average value in 1 round of each direction angle.) Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

18. Group Delay Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

19. TY UWB Antenna Double Ridge Horn Antenna 5 feet Spectrum Analyzer Coaxial Cable Multi Band UWB System Oscilloscope Antenna Evaluation with UWB Source Configuration for Multi Band UWB Testing Measured: General Atomics Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

20. TY UWB Antenna or Double Ridge Horn Antenna TY UWB Antenna 3 feet Spectrum Analyzer Coaxial Cable Impulse Generator Oscilloscope Configuration for Single Band UWB Testing Measured: General Atomics Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

21. Multi Band UWB Source: Frequency Domain Center 4.5GHz Span 3GHz 10dB/Div Center 4.5GHz Span 3GHz 10dB/Div Transmit Signal Receive Signal Coaxial Cable TY UWB Antenna (TX) with Double Ridge Horn Antenna (RX) Measured: General Atomics Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

22. Multi Band UWB Source: Time Domain Transmit Signal 2.5ns/Div 50mV/Div Receive Signal 2.5ns/Div 50mV/Div Coaxial Cable TY UWB Antenna (TX) with Double Ridge Horn Antenna (RX) The Antenna Characteristics Should Satisfy Multi-Band Systems. Measured: General Atomics Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

23. Single Band UWB Source: Time domain Transmit Signal 500ps/Div 10mV/Div Receive Signal 1ns/Div 200mV/Div Coaxial Cable UWB Antenna (RX) with Double Ridge Horn Antenna (TX) Measured: General Atomics Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

24. Single Band UWB Source: Time Domain Transmit Signal 500ps/Div 10mV/Div Receive Signal 500ps/Div 10mV/Div Coaxial Cable TY UWB Antenna (RX and TX) More Work is Required on Single Band System. Preliminary Results are Extremely Positive. Measured: General Atomics Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

25. Test Results Antenna Gain with Multi Band UWB Source Measured Direction Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

26. Presentation Summary • Common Antenna Measurement • TY’s Definition for UWB Antenna Measurement • TY’s UWB Antenna • TY’s Challenge for UWB Antenna • Measured Data • Conclusion Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

27. Conclusion • Made Prototype of Small Ceramic Antenna for UWB Sources • Measured Performance of Ceramic UWB Antenna • Satisfied Multi-Band Systems with Antenna Characteristics • RequiresMore Work on Single-Band Systems: Extremely Positive Preliminary Results Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden

28. Conclusion (cont.) • Recommend Mobile Device Antenna Requirements for 15.3a • Specifications: • Ideal Radiation Pattern of Antenna for Mobile Devices isOMNIDirectional &SPHERICAL Shape • SPHERICAL RadiationMaximum Gain is0dBi • Total Average Gain is Calculated with: • ( (YZ(V) + YZ(H))/2 + (XZ(V) + XZ(H))/2 + (XY(V) + XY(H))/2 ) /3 Masa Horie, TRDA/Taiyo Yuden