Adaptations

1. Adaptations

2. Objectives • SPI 0807.5.2 Analyze structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations to predict which populations are likely to survive in a particular environment • SPI 0807.5.3 Analyze data on levels of variation within a population to make predictions about survival under particular environmental conditions. I can: • Identify an adaptation as structural, behavioral, or physiological. • Explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

3. Types of Adaptation • Anything that helps an organism survive in its environment  • Adaptations are inherited from their parents • It also refers to the ability of living things to adjust to different conditions within their environments.  • Structural adaptation • Behavioral adaptations • Physiological adaptations I can identify an adaptation as structural, behavioral, or physiological.

4. Structural adaptations • A structural adaptation involves some part of an organism's body. • Teeth • Body coverings • Shells • Quills • Scales   • Camouflage • Mimicry I can identify an adaptation as structural, behavioral, or physiological.

5. Example of Adaptation • The shape of an animal’s teeth is related to its diet. • Herbivores, such as deer, have many molars for chewing tough grass and plants. • Carnivores, such as lions, have sharp canines to kill and tear meat. I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

6. Camouflage • Camouflage allows an animal to blend into its environment.  • Makes it hard for enemies to single out individuals   I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

7. Mimicry • Mimicry allows one animal to look, sound, or act like another animal to fool predators into thinking it is poisonous or dangerous.   I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

8. I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment. Plant Adaptations • Vascular-stems • Root systems • Thorns • Leave type • Broad:absorb more sunlight • Small needle-like: reduce water loss • Waxy: reduce water loss, protect from fire • Poisonous/toxins

9. Behavioral adaptations • Behavior adaptations include activities or behaviors that help an animal survive.  • Innate • Learned • Survival • Seasonal I can identify an adaptation as structural, behavioral, or physiological.

10. Innate vs. Learned Innate Learned Learned from experience or from observing other animals Examples Type of language spoken for humans Riding a bicycle • Inherited through the genes • Examples • Flying for bees, birds • Swimming for fish • Walking for humans • Speaking for humans I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

11. Survival Behavior I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment. • Finding food • Predator-Prey adaptations • Predator-animals that eat other animals • Prey-animal being eaten • Marking Territory • Way that animals inform other animals that an area is occupied • Defensive Action • Protect resources, themselves, food, mates, offspring • Courtship • Behaviors used to find a mate • Parenting • Depend on parents for survival

12. I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment. Animal Defense • Some animals use these methods of defense to protect themselves: • Camouflage • Snake • Mimicry • Mexican Milk Snake • Bright colors • Skunk and Poison Arrow Frog • “Hair” projections • Hedgehog quills • Deer Antlers

13. Seasonal Behavior • Help organisms adapt to the environment • Migration • Hibernation • Estivation • Biological Clock I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

14. Migration • Animals migrate for different reasons.  • better climate • better food • safe place to live • safe place to raise young • go back to the place they were born. • Adaptation that involves an animal or group of animals moving from one region to another and then back again.  I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

15. Period of inactivity in which animal’s body temp., heart rate, and breathing rate slow down to conserve energy. Bats, woodchucks & bears. I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment. Hibernation

16. I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment. Estivation • Period of inactivity in the summer • hot, dry places • Snakes, lizards, frogs, toads

17. Biological Clock • Internal control of animal’s natural cycle I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

18. Physiological Adaptations • Behaviors controlled by the brain • Reflexes • Blinking • Pain • Swallowing • Tolerance to a certain poison • Logical thinking I can identify an adaptation as structural, behavioral, or physiological.

19. Mammals • warm-blooded • All have some type of “hair” • Some are very specialized, such as white polar bear fur • Care for young I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

20. Birds • Leg Length • Roseate Spoonbill (top right) • Foot Webbing • Laughing Gull (top left) • Beak Shape • Long Billed Curlew (bottom) I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

21. Reptiles • cold- blooded • Scales • Some undergo hibernation and estivation • Lay eggs on land • Leg structure and position I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

22. Amphibians • Cold-blooded • Lay eggs in water • Partially of fully webbed feet • Have lungs or can absorb oxygen through their skin I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

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24. Natural SelectionandPopulation Changes Over Time

25. Objectives • SPI 0807.5.2 Analyze structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations to predict which populations are likely to survive in a particular environment • SPI 0807.5.3 Analyze data on levels of variation within a population to make predictions about survival under particular environmental conditions. I can: • Explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.

26. Natural Selection • The process by which individuals are better adapted to their environment • “Survival of the Fittest” • The fittest survive to pass on their traits to the next generation. • Examples: • Insecticide resistance • Speciation • Galapagos finches http://www.vtaide.com/png/bird-adaptations3.htm I can explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.

27. I can explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.

28. Insecticide Resistance Speciation I can explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.

29. Genetic Variation • Differences that exist naturally among the members of a species • Some traits are better suited than others to survive in their environment I can explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.

30. I can explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.