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Hardware Basics: Input, Process, Output, and Storage

Learn about the basic functions of computer hardware, including input devices, output devices, and storage devices. Explore examples of input devices such as keyboards, mice, scanners, and more. Discover different types of output devices like monitors, speakers, and printers. Understand the importance and types of memory in a computer system.

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Hardware Basics: Input, Process, Output, and Storage

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  1. Rock and roll to the world!!! Chapter 1 Computer Hardware

  2. BASIC FUNCTION OF COMPUTER INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT STORAGE

  3. COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER + + _____________________

  4. WHAT IS HARDWARE? • Physical devices (aspect) of a computer • Computer hardware can be classified into two: CPU (Central Processing Unit) and Peripherals

  5. X

  6. COMPUTER PERIPHERALS • Input/output (I/O) devices • Usually electromechanical devices • Online devices vs offline devices

  7. INPUT DEVICES

  8. INPUT DEVICES • Allow the users to inputdata and instructions to the computer X

  9. Papa!! Luh?!?! EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Keyboard • 1875, Christopher Latham Sholes (father of typewriter)invented the first practical typewriter • QWERTY keyboard (enhanced) has 101 keys • Electronic typewriter keyboard

  10. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Keyboard three types of key: • Alphanumeric keys • Punctuation keys • Special keys (alt, arrow/navigation, backspace, caps lock, ctrl, delete, enter, esc, function, insert, prtsc, home, end, page down, page up)

  11. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Mouse • 1963, Douglas Engelbert invented the mouse at Stanford Research Institute. • Small hand-held ‘point and click’ device.

  12. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Three types of mouse: • Mechanical Mouse • Optomechanical Mouse • Optical Mouse

  13. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Rock and roll to the world!!! Common terms used with mouse directions/actions: • Point (hover over) • Click • Double Click • Drag • Select • Rollover

  14. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Light pen • Consist of stylus connected by a cable to the computer

  15. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Trackball • Originally built into keyboard • Use hand over the trackball to move the cursor on the screen

  16. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Joystick • Small vertical stick attached to trackball for easier mechanical movements

  17. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Scanner • Convert hardcopy to softcopy • Direct-entry input device

  18. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Barcode Scanner • Uses optical scanner to read barcode and converts it into electrical pulses (or simply characters)

  19. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Voice Recognition Systems • Special microphone used to capture voice as an input • Converts voice into electrical pulses to digital signals then transmission to a computer • Limited vocabulary of words (voice command)

  20. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Digital cameras • Used to capture images (digitally)

  21. OUTPUT DEVICES

  22. OUTPUT DEVICES • Display the result of the computer.

  23. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES Visual display unit or Monitor • Television-like screens that provide the user interface in the form of displaying text, numbers and images • Can be monochrome or colored

  24. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES Audio response system or Speaker • Can produce verbal output (sound)

  25. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES Printers • Produce hardcopy output. Three broad groups of printers • Character printer, line printers, page printers Classification of printers • Impact printers or non-impact printers

  26. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES CHARACTER PRINTER Dot Matrix Printers (DMP) • Prints one character at a time • Produce dotted-output because of the pins on the print head • Speed is measured by CpS (Character per second) 50-600cps • Produces a lot of noise • Uses ribbon as an ink

  27. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES CHARACTER PRINTER Inkjet Printer • Non-impact printer • Quiet when working • Gives better quality • Available in black/white and in color

  28. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES CHARACTER PRINTER Graphic Plotter • Used for large format media. • Graphs, maps, billboards, tarpaulin

  29. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES LINE PRINTER Drum printer • Uses powder as an ink • Available color: Grayscale

  30. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES PAGE PRINTER Laser printer • High-end printer • More expensive than inkjet printers • Available color: Grayscale

  31. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES PAGE PRINTER Magnetic Printer • Drum coated with magnetic material that capture the image of the page to be printed • Use thermal papers

  32. STORAGE DEVICES

  33. PRIMARY MEMORY (MAIN MEMORY) TYPES OF MEMORY RAM (Random Access Memory) • Volatile loses its contents if the device is electrically disconnected • Temporary holding area for data, application program instructions and operating system (OS) • AKA “waiting room”

  34. APPS RAM rapsa! ajejeje

  35. RAM WHERE IS RAM?

  36. PRIMARY MEMORY (MAIN MEMORY) TYPES OF MEMORY ROM (Read Only Memory) • Non volatile • Used to store programs that are essentials for proper operations of computer system • Equipped with ROM chips often called as “firmware”

  37. WHAT THE…!!! ROM

  38. SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) • Supplementary to primary storage • Also called as auxiliary storage • High storage capacity • Cheaper than primary memory • Slower in primary memory in terms of access time • Can be serial access or direct access device

  39. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Magnetic disk • Direct access • Made of rigid materials or symmetric plastic material • Hard disk and floppy disk

  40. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Magnetic tape • Serial access storage medium • Reels up to 3600 feet made of mylar plastic tape • Can store large volume of data at low cost

  41. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Optical Storage • Information is written to or write from an optical disk or tape using laser beam • Also known as “laser disk” • CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW, DVD-R, Blu-ray

  42. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Solid state storage • Sometimes called flash memory • Erasable, re-writable • Flash drive (pen drive) and Memory card (SD/MMC)

  43. PROCESSING UNIT (PU)

  44. EXAMPLE OF PROCESSING UNIT CPU (Central Processing Unit) • Also known as Processor • Brain of the computer • Containing ALU(arithmetic logic unit) and control unit • Without the help of Chips (Chipset) the CPU is useless

  45. EXAMPLE OF PROCESSING UNIT GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) • Used to managed and boost the performance of video and graphics • Its features are designed to lessen the work of CPU • Mobile phones, display adapters, workstation and game console • Developed by Nvidia in 1999 (GeForce 256)

  46. INTERNAL COMPONENT

  47. EXAMPLE OF INTERNAL COMPONENT Motherboard • Main circuit board of a computer • Mainboard, system board, MOBO

  48. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) • On-board battery powered semiconductor chip • Prevent up-to-date your computer • Uses CMOS coin cell battery to power the CMOS memory

  49. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD Expansion slots • Used to insert expansion card (circuit board) which provide additional features to a computer such as video, audio, Ethernet

  50. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) • Based on PCI design for 3D • Developed by Intel

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