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HLA and Autoimmunity: Understanding the Role of HLA Variants in Autoimmune Diseases

Explore the intricate relationship between HLA variants and autoimmunity, including its impact on HIV infection, drug hypersensitivity, and autoimmune diseases. Learn about HLA typing for disease risk assessment and the ethnic variability in HLA alleles.

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HLA and Autoimmunity: Understanding the Role of HLA Variants in Autoimmune Diseases

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  1. HLA and autoimmunity Jakob Nilsson MD, PhD

  2. The HLA Complex

  3. Structure of MHC class I and II

  4. Function of MHC class I and II

  5. Variability of HLA proteins

  6. HLA Nomenclature

  7. Ethnic variability in HLA alleles

  8. Cumulative number of identified HLA alleles

  9. Variability of progression in HIV infection Adapted from Tissue Antigens. 2009 Apr;73(4):289-301.

  10. Genome wide associations significant for HIV control Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1551-7.

  11. HLA association and autoimmunity

  12. Infection control – increased autoimmunity “trade off” in the HLA Locus Matzaraki, Genome Biol. 2017 Apr 27;18(1):76.

  13. Coeliac disease – the prototype HLA dependent inflammatory disease Sollid, Nat RevImmunol. 2002 Sep;2(9):647-55.

  14. Coeliac disease – impact of HLA type on disease risk Pietzak, ClinGastroenterolHepatol. 2009 Sep;7(9):966-71.

  15. Escape from central tolerance Dendrou, Nat RevImmunol. 2018 May; (18):325-339.

  16. Escape from central tolerance Dendrou, Nat RevImmunol. 2018 May; (18):325-339.

  17. Lessons from HLA dependent drug hypersensitivity • Abacavir (NRTI) is used to treat HIV infection • 2-9% of Caucasian patients treated with abacavir develop hypersensitivity • Hypersensitivity is characterized by fever, rash, GI, respiratory and constitutional symptoms • Hypersensitivity can, if abacavir is not stopped, be life threatening • The hypersensitivity is exclusively seen in individuals carrying the HLA allele B*57:01

  18. HLA dependent drug hypersensitivity? Illing, Nature. 2012 June;28(486):554-558.

  19. Drug induced autoimmunity Illing, Nature. 2012 June;28(486):554-558.

  20. Summary • HLA variants are strongly associated with autoimmunity • HLA Typing can also predict risk for drug hypersensitivity/ drug induced autoimmunity (carbamazepine, allopurinol, abacavir, vancomycin). • The basis for the association likely centers around the HLA-peptide interface. • HLA Typing can assist in evaluating disease risk for several autoimmune diseases. • The absence of strongly disease associated HLA variant has a high negative predicted value. • Narcolepsy DQB1*06:02 • Ankylosing Spondylitis B*27 • Celiac Disease DQ2/DQ8

  21. Thanksforyourattention!

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