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Summary of Multi Mega Watt (MMW) Workshop

V. Palladino SPSC Closed Session Villars, 22 Sep 2004. Summary of Multi Mega Watt (MMW) Workshop. See http://proj-bdl-nice.web.cern.ch/proj-bdl-nice/megawatt-summaries/WorkshopSummary-3.71.doc.  Highlights & outlook for MMW physics admittedly  - centric.

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Summary of Multi Mega Watt (MMW) Workshop

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  1. V. Palladino SPSC Closed Session Villars, 22 Sep 2004 Summary of Multi Mega Watt (MMW) Workshop See http://proj-bdl-nice.web.cern.ch/proj-bdl-nice/megawatt-summaries/WorkshopSummary-3.71.doc Highlights & outlook for MMW physics admittedly  - centric Rich & debated spectrum of options (p decay channel, m &  storage ring…. • energy, baseline , detector mass & density … but consensus on highest priority : High Power MMW Drivers • MMW Targets • MMW Collectors Tentative timeline & recommendations V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  2. BENE+EURISOL V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  3. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  4. BENE as an integrating activity … Joint ECFA/BENE activities ECFA Muon Study Groups (physics) EuropeanNeutrino Group (accelerator) ex NFWG Betabeam WorkGroup mufront muend betabeam PHYSICS WP NOVEL ν BEAMS WP DRIVER WP TARGET WP COLLECTOR WP Seeking DSfunds Beams for European NeutrinoExperiments Work Packages V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  5. E. Gschwendtner PHYSICS ENG …. the accelerator sector V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  6. … from BENE proposal : coordinate and integrate the activities of the accelerator and particle physics communities working together, in a worldwide context, towards achieving superior neutrino (ν) beam facilities for Europe. 1) to establish a road map for upgrade of our present facility and the design and construction of new ones 2) to assemble a community capable of sustaining the technical realisation and scientific exploitation of these facilities 3) to foster a sequence of carefully prioritized&coordinated initiatives capable to establish, propose and execute the R&D efforts necessary to achieve these goals. 220 signatures V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  7. approval of BENE and HIPPI recognition of accelerator neutrino physics, CNGS & beyond and of its need for Mwatt protons July 03 fruitful confrontation with RIB NUPECC community EURONS, EURISOL ……. Rad Ion Beams could work together towards a betabeam could share a MWatt p-driver Moriond 03 new management taking office at CERN MWW Workshop first major BENE event V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  8. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  9. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  10. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  11. Physics with Megawatt • Long-range programme in ν physics: superbeam, β beam, ν factory • Complementary programme in μ physics: rare μ decays, μ properties, μ colliders? • Next-generation facility for nuclear physics also tests of SM, nuclear astrophysics • Synergy with CERN programme: LHC, CNGS ν, ISOLDE, heavy ions, β beam unique and compelling Interesting project – and CERN would be a good place for it V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  12. The options we have explored NB: beam + detector configurations Conventional beamp decay channel… m (0.1-1% e) SuperBeam, if MW power ……. need Very Large Detector (water C, Li-Ar) the same as p-decay 50-500 Ktons ie new lab n o v e l b e a m s Neutrino Factorym storage ring ….. m & e manipulate & (& m accelerator complex! ) accelerate needs Large Magnetic Detector n parents ! (SuperMINOS, Li-Ar in B ) 30-100 Ktons LNGS ! new lab ? BetaBeamb storage ring … pure e (& EU accelerator complex)detectors same as SuperBeams V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop NB : p m b possible, in all cases, for CP, T & CPT studies

  13. The key to novel neutrino beams the re- acceleration of the neutrino parent !!!  Flux ≈ (Nparent /L2)parent2 basic kinematics  Rate ≈ parent3/L2 -osc Rate ≈ E 3sin2(L/E)/ /L2 /parent grows very rapidly with Eparent NB 1) not necessarily with Eproton Nparent !!! 2) low E may have independent merits no matter effects ie no fake CP V V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  14. Atmospheric “wavelenght” V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  15. Solar “wavelenght”about 30 times longer V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  16. Solar “wavelenght”about 30 times longer 30000 km/GeV V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  17. The matrix of neutrino transition probability Pee=1- ….. Pem= Pet= Pme = Pmm=1- ….. P mt= Ptt=1- ….. Pte = ……. Ptm= ….. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  18. The matrix of neutrino transition probability Pee=1- ….. • Pem= - 4 Re Jem12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jem13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jem23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 • Pet= - 4 Re Jet12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jet13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jet23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 • Pme = - 4 … • - 4 … • - 4 … • - (± 8J…. Pmm=1- ….. • P mt= - 4 Re Jm t12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jm t13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jm t23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 Pte = ……. Ptm= ….. Ptt=1- ….. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  19. The matrix of neutrino transition probability Solar (SuperK,SNO) LBL Reactors (Kamland) Pee=1- ….. • Pem= - 4 Re Jem12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jem13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jem23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 • Pet= - 4 Re Jet12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jet13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jet23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 • Pme = - 4 … • - 4 … • - 4 … • - (± 8J…. Pmm=1- ….. • P mt= - 4 Re Jm t12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jm t13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jm t23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 Atmo Super-K K2K, NuMI, CNGS T & CP violating term e-iδ universal Pte = ……. Ptm= ….. Ptt=1- ….. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop Experiments ahead of us, for decades ……..

  20. The matrix of neutrino transition probability Pee=1- ….. • Pem= - 4 Re Jem12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jem13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jem23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 • Pet= - 4 Re Jet12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jet13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jet23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 BetaBeam, NuFact NuFact golden silver • Pme = - 4 … • - 4 … • - 4 … • - (± 8J…. Pmm=1- ….. • P mt= - 4 Re Jm t12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jm t13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jm t23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 SuperBeam, NuFact Pte = ……. Ptm= ….. Ptt=1- ….. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop can we exploit them all? what strategy?

  21. What we do not know yet? 13 < p/20or so … sure smaller, but how much? CPno clue, so far the “holy grail of neutrino science ” an insight into antimatter suppression … CP odd leptogenesis? Sign Dm2 ……. hierarchy or degenaracy? matter effects …. explore the detailed mechanism Explain better All above emphasize subleading transition me V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  22. Sensitivity toCPV …. asymmetries can be sizeable ………. particularly for subdominant transitions me transitions again PCP --- PCP Pn- Pn ------- Pn+Pn 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 ------------------ 4 [Re Jem + Re Jem12]sin2D23 = ACP = = = = Dm122 ------- 10-4 eV2 L ------- 732Km 10 GeV ------- E 0.3 ----- sin213 sind 5% possibly even big ……….. NB: L/E behavior V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  23. Matter effects : Matter is CP odd (no e+) …. me again tg2 2matter13 =sin 13 /(cos 13 -Amatter/Dm23) Pn enhanced if Dm23 >0 Pn depressed viceversa if Dm23 <0 ACP + Amatter ! BUT A = Dm232 L2 (Km2) --------------- ------------ 3 10-3 eV2 E (GeV) Amatter  0.7 10-6 NB: L2/E behavior faster with L than CP short L, low ECP viable? Can syst error in the subtraction be controlled? YES! At Nufact 5s, if Nm * NKT * edetectors 6 1022 m Ktons Nm  2 1021 /year NKTseveral 10 Ktons Mwatts & Mtons !! edetectors V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  24. The reference facility: J-PARC0.75 MW at start, evolving Nuclear and Particle Experimental Facility Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility Nuclear Transmutation Neutrino to Kamiokande 3 GeV Synchrotron (25 Hz, 1MW) 50 GeV Synchrotron (0.75 MW) Linac (350m) V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

  25. Nuclear and Particle Physics νeν • High resolution spectroscopy for S = -1 hypernuclei • S = -2 hypernuclei Neutrino conventional beam (0.75 MW) νe then multi MW Superbeam + Mton later Neutrino Factory , J/etc. (+ K, etc.) V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  26. 2 Detector Hyper-Kamiokande V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop 2 detectors×48m × 50m ×250m, Total mass = 1 Mton

  27. Nextphases of EU initiative in neutrino Physics ? 2006 2009 2014 >2014 CNGS EU-T2K ….. T2H (4 MW, 1 Mton) ? Super Conventional beam R&D targets, horns R&D cooling, reacceleration CH, France, Italy, Spain, UK UA1/NOMAD magnet New EU Neutrino Complex? Super Conventional beam? (Gilardoni) Novel beams (Mezzetto, Haseroth, Lindroos, Blondel ..) V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  28. 28 The Japanese Neutrino Factory Concept Large aperture accelerators (FFAG) p.o.p. prototype The ultimate neutrino facility and… first step to muon colliders

  29. High Power Proton DriversFermilab and Brookhaven • Fermilab and Brookhaven concepts have several elements in common: • Increase the repetition rate of the existing machine (MI or AGS) • Decrease the fill time of the existing machine by using a (sc) linac • Increase the injected beam intensity by using a linac (or synchrotron) • Rely on previously developed SCRF technologies • Both conceive of upgrade paths that could go another factor of 2-4 • The BNL concept features a 1.2 GeV superconducting linac as the injector into the (upgraded) AGS • Fermilab has two implementations under evaluation, each with capability to inject into the Main Injector and to provide stand-alone 8 GeV beams: • 8 GeV synchrotron (with 600 MeV linac injector) • 8 GeV superconducting linac V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  30. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  31. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  32. 32 US Neutrino Factory Concept - 1 Example: US Design Study 2 • Make as many charged pions as possible INTENSE PROTON SOURCE • (In practice this seems to mean one with a beam power of one or a few MW) • Capture as many charged pions as possible  Low energy pions Good pion capture scheme • 3. Capture as many daughter muons as possible within an accelerator Reduce phase-space occupied by the s Muon cooling – needs to be fast other-wise the muons decay

  33. European MWatt complex: combination of linac+rings in synergy with LHC upgrades V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  34. Potential of future accelerators V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  35. MWatt targetry Ex:Hg-jet p-converter target H. Ravn V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  36. Mwatt pion/muon collection systems Ex: Horn focusing system Current of 300 kA p To decay channel Protons B = 0 Hg target B1/R V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  37. CERN-SPL-based Neutrino SUPERBEAM 300 MeV n m Neutrinos small contamination from ne (no K at 2 GeV!) Fréjus underground lab. A large underground water Cerenkov (400 kton) UNO/HyperK or/and a large L.Arg detector. also : proton decay search, supernovae events solar and atmospheric neutrinos. Performance similar to J-PARC II There is a window of opportunity for digging the cavern stating in 2008 (safety tunnel in Frejus) V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  38. Evident synergy Astro-particle NNN 05, March 2005 Aussois Next Nucleon Decay & Neutrino Detector V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  39. Detectors ….. again UNO/HyperK but also V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  40. EURISOL Overall Baseline Layout The NP facility alone is already a MW facility! V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  41. EURISOL 4 yrs Design Study Approved mid 04 FP6 Contract being prepared Jan 05 WP1 ……… ………. WP11 Betabeam(Benedikt) ………… G.Fortuna INFN P. Butler Y. Blumenfeld (M. Lindroos) Flying !!!!! V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  42. Eurisol Design Study Tasks • Preparatory meeting for EURISOL design study in Orsay. • First drafts presented by task coordinators. • Proton Accelerator (Alberto Facco, INFN-LNL)  • Heavy-Ion Accelerator (MH. Moscatello, GANIL) • Cryomodule Development (S. Bousson, IPNO) • Direct Target/Ion Source (J. Lettry, CERN) • Solid Converter-Target/Ion Source (L. Tecchio, INFN-LNL) • Liquid-Metal Target/Ion Source (F. Groeschel, PSI) • Safety and Radioprotection (D. Ridikas, CEA-Saclay) • Beam Preparation (A. Jokinen, JYFL) • Physics and Instrumentation (R. Page, U. Liverpool) • Beam Intensity Calculations (K.H. Schmidt, GSI) • Beta-Beam Aspects (M. Benedikt, CERN) • Co-ordination and Layout (Not yet allocated) V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  43. Nuclear Physics CERN: b-beam baseline scenario EU pride SPL Decay ring Brho = 1500 Tm B = 5 T Lss = 2500 m SPS Decay Ring ISOL target & Ion source ECR Cyclotrons, linac or FFAG Rapid cycling synchrotron PS Same detectors as Superbeam ! V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  44. Multiple beta beam regimes Low energy ……. ion ≈ 1-10 Enefew 10 MeV(C. Volpe) neutrino reactions nuclear (astro-)physics, solar , supernovae Medium energy …. ion ≈100 Enefew 100 MeV(M . Mezzetto) massive low density detector very large !!!! High energy ……… ion≿500 Ene GeV & multi GeV(P. Hernandez & al.) denser, smaller, farther detectors same as NuFact? NB Main issues are technical !!! may well be an evolutive process (M. Lindroos) V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  45. Electron neutrinos !!!! (terrestrial) emphasis shifting to subdominant νeν transition ν νe Conventional beam, dirtish νe ν Beta beam, clean νe ν NuFact, clean νe ν V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  46. solar e active terrestrial mt e V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  47. -- Neutrino Factory -- CERN layout 1016p/s 1.2 1014 m/s =1.2 1021 m/yr _ 0.9 1021 m/yr m+ e+ne nm 3 1020 ne/yr 3 1020 nm/yr oscillates ne nm interacts givingm- WRONG SIGN MUON interacts giving m+ V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop

  48. Neutrino Factory: CERN Scheme MultiGeV m eme m eme Disappearance e e deficit mm deficit Appearance me e excess t t excess Appearance … Wrong Charge Signature e mm excessGolden t t excessSilver ! V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop Magnetic detector

  49. The matrix of neutrino transition probability Pee=1- ….. • Pem= - 4 Re Jem12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jem13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jem23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 • Pet= - 4 Re Jet12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jet13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jet23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 BetaBeam, NuFact NuFact golden silver • Pme = - 4 … • - 4 … • - 4 … • - (± 8J…. Pmm=1- ….. • P mt= - 4 Re Jm t12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jm t13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jm t23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 SuperBeam, NuFact Pte = ……. Ptm= ….. Ptt=1- ….. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop NuFact does them all !

  50. The matrix of neutrino transition probability Pee=1- ….. • Pem= - 4 Re Jem12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jem13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jem23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 • Pet= - 4 Re Jet12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jet13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jet23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 golden BetaBeam, NuFact silver • Pme = - 4 … • - 4 … • - 4 … • - (± 8J…. Pmm=1- ….. • P mt= - 4 Re Jm t12sin2D12 • - 4 Re Jm t13sin2D13 • - 4 Re Jm t23sin2D23 • ± 8J sinD12sinD23sinD13 SuperBeam, NuFact Pte = ……. Ptm= ….. Ptt=1- ….. V. PalladinoSummary of MMW Workshop The Neutrino Factory does them all !

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