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Health Science

Health Science. Know your body Your digestive system. What could the digestive system possibly be used for?. It has many parts, but one basic function. To provide nutrients and energy to your body. We will take a tour from start to finish!. Here is the basic pathway of food.

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Health Science

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  1. Health Science Know your body Your digestive system.

  2. What could the digestive system possibly be used for? • It has many parts, but one basic function. • To provide nutrients and energy to your body. • We will take a tour from start to finish!

  3. Here is the basic pathway of food.

  4. The digestive system has a lot of “space” which needs to be organized. • Try to follow the line from the stomach, to the small intestine. • Notice that it goes downwards. • Then the large intestine moves up, then across, then back down. • Lots of surface area!

  5. Lets begin in your mouth. • Your mouth grabs food, chews it, mixes it with saliva, and gets it ready to swallow. • You have four basic tooth types: • Incisors • Canines • Premolars • Molars • These help you to break large food particles into smaller ones. • Mastication = chewing.

  6. Open wide!Can you tell which is which? • Incisors • Your two front teeth. • These bite into your food. • Canines • The first tooth after the incisors. • These help rip your food – especially if you are a vampire! • Premolars • The next two teeth – for crushing. • Molars • The last three teeth. • The main crushers and grinders. • “Wisdom teeth”? • Can you see them on the top jaw? • Salivary glands

  7. Basic tooth structure. • As many of you know, your teeth have many nerves (which can cause pain). • Imbedded into your jaw. • Surrounded by gums. • But, your tooth is bone surrounded by enamel. • This is not bone. • Enamel is very hard.

  8. Your tongue. • Helps you to move food around in your mouth. • Salivary glands • Secretes saliva. • Helps in digestion. • Sensory nerves • Bitter • Sour • Salty/sweet

  9. Now that you have chewed your food, what next? • Perhaps you should swallow? • This is called “Deglutition.” • Your esophagus connects your mouth to your stomach. • You push food through your esophagus.

  10. Deglutition. Bolus of food Tongue Epiglottisup Epiglottisdown Pharynx Larynx Esophagealsphincter Larynxdown Larynxup Trachea(windpipe) Esophagus Esophagus Sphincter relaxed Sphincter contracted Sphincter contracted

  11. Your stomach. • Very strong storage organ. • Secretes many digestive enzymes and acids. • When it passes into the small intestine, it is ready for absorption.

  12. Here is how your stomach sits in relation to other organs. • Notice that it sits between your liver and your pancreas. • You have a lot of organs in a small space, so they are packed together.

  13. When food passes into your small intestine, it goes into the duodenum. • Your small intestine has three parts, and the duodenum is the first. • It receives pancreatic enzymes and bile. • These help food to become more easily absorbed. • When food goes into your small intestine, it is ready to be absorbed.

  14. The Small Intestine. • The main site of nutrient absorption. • 30-70 feet long! • The duodenum receives secretions from the pancreas.

  15. The Small Intestine:

  16. Your small intestine has a lot of surface area. • Many small projections from small folds of tissue. • Increases of surface area. • The more surface area you have, the more food can be absorbed. • Nutrients pass from lumen into blood. • Directly to your liver.

  17. INTERIOR OF INTESTINE Blood vesselwith blooden route tothe liver Nutrientabsorption Nutrientabsorption Microvilli Epithelialcells Lumen Musclelayers Bloodcapillaries Circular folds Villi Lymphvessel EPITHELIALCELLS Nutrientabsorption VILLI INTESTINAL WALL Figure 21.10B

  18. Once food goes through your SI, it passes into your large intestine. • Your large intestine mainly is responsible for: • Reabsorbing water • Absorbing salt • Once the digested material reaches the end of the large intestine, it is ready to be expelled from your body as feces. • Most of what is in feces is indigestible. • Although there is still things that could be digested, just not in you.

  19. Nutrient Flow Appendix Cecum

  20. So what do you need to know? • Parts and functions of the digestive system: • Mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. • Can you describe what would happen to a piece of food if you were to eat it?

  21. That is it! • Again, this may seem like a lot of information, but it really isn’t. • I hope that you realize that I am keeping this somewhat simple, hoping to spark some interest, and get some interesting questions! • Let me know if you need any help.

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