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Sir Ronald Ross (1857-1932) Connected to famous early work of LSHTM

Who Are They? And How Are They Connected? Famous statisticians, public health people and others famous individuals related to LSHTM and its surroundings A short quiz where everyone’s a winner! MSU Retreat Cambridge 1 st April 2008. Sir Ronald Ross (1857-1932)

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Sir Ronald Ross (1857-1932) Connected to famous early work of LSHTM

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  1. Who Are They? And How Are They Connected?Famous statisticians, public health people and others famous individuals related to LSHTM and its surroundingsA short quiz where everyone’s a winner!MSU RetreatCambridge1st April 2008

  2. Sir Ronald Ross (1857-1932) • Connected to famous early work of LSHTM • First Briton to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine (1902) • Discovered that mosquitoes transmit malaria (1897)

  3. Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) • Crimea war started in July 1854 • ‘Real enemies not the Russians but cholera, typhus and dysentry’ • Charge of the Light Brigade: October 1854 • In 1858 she became the first woman to be elected a fellow of the Royal Statistical Societyfor her contribution to Army statistics and comparative hospital statistics

  4. 1823,1923,1990,2005 • Thomas Wakely (1795 - 1862) founded the Lancet in 1823 • -Radical journalist William Cobbett proposed that a journal like the Lancet could be used to campaign for reforms in the medical profession • A surgeon who spent 17 years in the House of Commons

  5. John Snow (1813-1858) Sander Greenland • Traced source of a cholera outbreak in Soho in 1854 • Study of causality • One of first physicians to study use of ether and chloroform • Administered chloroform to Queen Victoria for birth of last 2 children • Well-known for recent work on causality in epidemiology

  6. Francis Galton (1822-1911) Charles Darwin (1809-1882) • Francis Galton andCharles Darwin were half-cousins • Galton • correlation, regression and regression to the mean • studied human intelligence • founded Biometrika with Pearson and Weldon in 1901 • undertook eugenics work considered controversial today • International Eugenics Conference, London, 1912 dedicated to Galton

  7. Siméon Denis POISSON Ronald A. FISHER English[ cette homme ] + “er” = This man French statistician,1781-1840 English statistician, 1890-1962

  8. William Gossett (1876-1937) A pint of Guiness • Arthur Guiness born 1725 in Kildare • Brewing industry was suffering since English beer was less heavily taxed than Irish • Brewed strong black beer in 1770 which became very successful • A chemist at the Guinness brewery in Dublin from 1899 • Student’s t distribution • To handle small samples for quality control in brewing

  9. James Lind (1716-1794) Stuart Pocock • Thought to have performed the first ever clinical trial • Demonstrated that citrus fruits cure scurvy • Pioneer of naval hygiene • Worked on preventive medicine and hygiene and cleanliness • One of our own famous clinical trialists

  10. Austin Bradford Hill (1897-1991) Sir Richard Doll (1912-2005) • Joint work on smoking and lung cancer • 1950 case-control study • British doctors study • Hill: • MSU from 1947 • MRC statistician on what many believe to be the first RCT (use of streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis) as opposed to Lind • Fisher was highly critical of the smoking/cancer work but proposed that Hill be made a fellow of the Royal Society

  11. John Maynard Keynes • (1883-1946) Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) • Members of the Bloomsbury Group • First half of 20th century • Started with a few Cambridge graduates and their friends • Keynes • economist • Woolf • Lived at 46 Gordon Square • Author of Mrs Dalloway, Orlando, To the Lighthouse

  12. Artemis • Goddess of hunting and chastity, comforter of women in childbirth • Apollo • God of prophecy, music and medicine • LSHTM seal • Artemis is driving chariot whilst Apollo is shooting arrows • Date palm for the tropical activities of the School and connection to • birth of Apollo and Artemis- palm sprang up to give shade in childbirth • Staff with a snake coiled for medical interests of the School

  13. LSHTM

  14. “Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data from Retrospective Studies of Disease” JNCI, 1959; 22: 719 - 748 Nathan Mantel & William Haenszel

  15. Austin Bradford Hill (1897-1991) • MSU from 1947 • MRC statistician on what many believe to be the first RCT • Use of streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis • Work on smoking and lung cancer with Richard Doll • 1950 case-control study • British doctors study • Fisher was highly critical of the smoking/cancer work but proposed that he be made a fellow of the Royal Society • Peter Armitage (1924-) • Professor in MSU 1961-1976 • Said of Austin Bradford Hill on his death: • “to anyone involved in medical statistics, epidemiology or public health, Bradford Hill was quite simply the world’s leading medical statistician ”

  16. Pearson Neyman

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