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Context of Decision Making

Context of Decision Making. Session 3. Session Objectives. Explain the context of decision making Define the concept of stakeholders Explain the importance of involving stakeholders throughout the data use in decision-making cycle Introduce the Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement tools.

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Context of Decision Making

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  1. Context of Decision Making Session 3

  2. Session Objectives • Explain the context of decision making • Define the concept of stakeholders • Explain the importance of involving stakeholders throughout the data use in decision-making cycle • Introduce the Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement tools

  3. Session Overview • Context of decision making • Stakeholders • Decisions • Data • Small Group Activity 3: Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement

  4. Group Participation How can we ensure that information is being used to make diagnoses and inform decisions?

  5. Context of Decision Making Data Stake-holders Decisions

  6. Context of Decision Making Data Stake-holders Decisions

  7. What Is a Stakeholder? Any person, group, or organization with a particular interest in a policy or program • Government agencies • Beneficiaries • Policymakers • Funding agencies • Providers / implementers • Civil society • Researchers • M&E specialists

  8. Stakeholders • Nongovernmental organizations • Professional associations • Religious leaders • Journalists/media • Private sector/business

  9. Data Producers vs. Data Users Data producers think that decision makers: • Value “political” considerations over evidence • Are unprepared to measure or evaluate the consequences of their decisions Decision makers or data users think that health researchers and M&E specialists: • Lack responsiveness to priorities • Favor numbers / jargon over transparent communication • Prefer written reports to face-to-face conversation

  10. Importance of Knowing Your Stakeholders • View activities from different perspectives • Have different degrees of understanding • Need / want different information • Need information at different levels of complexity • Have different intensities of interest • Have different roles in the decision-making process

  11. Results of Involving Stakeholders in Data Use Process Relevance of data Ownership of data Appropriate dissemination of data Use of data

  12. Stakeholder Analysis Matrix & Engagement Plan • Clarify who has interest in a program and what that interest is • Identify who can help a program and how, and who can hurt it • Help you use this information for the success of the planning effort

  13. Stakeholder Analysis Matrix The Stakeholder Analysis Matrix is a framework and process for: • Identifying stakeholders • Defining their roles and resources • Identifying dynamics among stakeholders • Setting the optimum stakeholder group

  14. Stakeholder Analysis Matrix

  15. Stakeholder Analysis Matrix Program issue Develop plan (inc. M&E plan) to scale up PMTCT programs throughout system. Proposed activity Convene stakeholders to identify priorities based on available data and develop action plan. Date November 2006

  16. How to Involve Stakeholders • Quarterly program management meetings • Quarterly meetings to interpret RHIS data • Involvement of facility staff to interpret program data • M&E system improvement • Indicator planning and/or harmonization • Data quality review meetings

  17. Stakeholder Engagement Plan Program issue Proposed activity Date

  18. Stakeholder Engagement Plan Program issueDevelop plan (inc. M&E plan) to scale up PMTCT programs throughout system. Proposed activity Convene stakeholders to identify priorities based on available data and develop action plan. Date November 2006

  19. Context of Decision Making Data Stake-holders Decisions

  20. Decision Areas • Program design and evaluation • Program management and improvement • Strategic planning • Advocacy and policy development

  21. Program Design and Evaluation • Design • Select messages for prevention campaigns • Evaluation • Determine if new program approaches are needed to ensure that health impact objectives are met

  22. Program Management and Improvement • Management • Determine if the program is meeting its process objectives • Improvement • Develop new strategies to increase coverage

  23. Strategic Planning • Identify geographic areas of highest need • Determine human resource allocation • Determine which of offered services is making the greatest impact

  24. Advocacy and Policy Development • Identifying and quantifying underserved populations • Identifying focus areas for new policies

  25. Context of Decision Making Data Stake-holders Decisions

  26. Data and Information • Census • Vital events data • Surveillance data • Household surveys • Facilities-level service statistics • Financial and management information • Modeling, estimates, and projections • Health research

  27. Factors Other than Data that Influence Decisions Political Ideology Arbitrariness Data Competing Priorities Public Opinion Decisions Stake-holders Power Relationships

  28. Strengthening the Decision-making Process Stakeholders Involve new counterparts Decisions Understand service delivery realities Data May require additional data

  29. Key Messages • Every decision is made in the context of available data and stakeholders • Critically assessing and involving stakeholders will facilitate data-informed decision making

  30. Small Group Activity 3: Instructions • Break into small groups. • Each group should select a decision that they make in their work settings and complete the Stakeholder Analysis Matrix around that decision. • A minimum of 7 stakeholders should be identified. • Complete the Matrix across the columns for 1–2 stakeholders. • Select 1 stakeholder and complete the Stakeholder Engagement Plan for that stakeholder. • Time for activity: 45 minutes

  31. Group Work Report Back • Have note taker transfer your final Stakeholder Analysis Matrix onto flip chart paper • Share the decision your group chose • Share the priority stakeholders selected • Choose 1 stakeholder and share the entire row from the Matrix for that stakeholder • Share the Engagement Plan for the same stakeholder • Time for report back: 10–15 min per group

  32. THANK YOU! MEASURE Evaluation is a MEASURE project funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development and implemented by the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partnership with Futures Group International, ICF Macro, John Snow, Inc., Management Sciences for Health, and Tulane University. Views expressed in this presentation do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government. MEASURE Evaluation is the USAID Global Health Bureau's primary vehicle for supporting improvements in monitoring and evaluation in population, health and nutrition worldwide. Visit us online at http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure

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