Emerging Opportunities: Nano-Photonics & Information Technology

1. Emerging Opportunities: Nano-Photonics & Information Technology Connie Chang-Hasnain EECS University of California, Berkeley

2. Chang-Hasnain, UCB

3. 107     106  WHAT’S NEXT??  WDM + Optical Amplifiers Optical Amplifiers Coherent Detection 1.5m Single-Frequency Laser 1.3m SM Fiber 0.8m MM Fiber    105  104  103   Bit Rate -Distance ( Gb/s km)      102      101     1 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Advances in Optical Communications Coax, 274 Mb/s at 1km repeater spacing • 107 Increase in Bit rate-Distance Product in 25 years Source: Tingye Li and Herwig Kogelnik Chang-Hasnain, UCB

4. Opportunities in Optoelectronics • Active Devices  Faster, Better, Smaller, New Functions • Examples: lasers, detectors, modulators, amplifiers, freq. mixer • New functions: wavelength tuning, beam steering, UV and FIR • Passive Devices  Better, Smaller, New Functions • Examples: Wavelength multiplexers, resonators, filters, couplers • New functions: thin film non-reciprocal devices • Leverage the Coherence Property • All-optical buffer and random access memory (RAM) • Optical signal processing • Integration! • Monolithic • Heterogeneous Chang-Hasnain, UCB

5. Opportunities in Optoelectronics Nanoscale Material Synthesis • Active Devices  Faster, Better, Smaller, New Functions • Examples: lasers, detectors, modulators, amplifiers, freq. mixer • New functions: wavelength tuning, beam steering, UV and FIR • Passive Devices  Better, Smaller, New Functions • Examples: Wavelength multiplexers, resonators, filters, couplers • New functions: thin film non-reciprocal devices • Leverage the Coherence Property • All-optical buffer and random access memory (RAM) • Optical signal processing • Integration! • Monolithic • Heterogeneous Nanoscale Processing Integrated Optoelectronics Chang-Hasnain, UCB

6. Quantum Wire Quantum Dot Quantum Well Bulk Tailorable Active Materials • Greatly Enhanced or Suppressed • Optical Gain • Spontaneous Emission • Optical Nonlinearities Yang, Berkeley Density of States Energy (hn) Chang-Hasnain, UCB

7. Chang-Hasnain, Berkeley Dapkus, USC Weber, Berkeley Active Material Synthesis • Major Challenges • Uniformity Control • Size Control • Placement Control • Defect Reduction Chang-Hasnain, UCB

8. Zuzuki, Berkeley Compact Integrated Optics: Photonic Crystals • Making Passive Optics 1000 Times Smaller Chang-Hasnain, UCB

9. Signal slow down pump Multiple stacked QD Slow Light and Frozen Light • Slow light demonstrated in atomic vapor at low temperature, 1999 • We proposed all-optical buffers in ‘00. • DARPA funded program in 2002 • New BAA on Intelligent Optical Network coming out in March. Chang-Hasnain, Berkeley P. C. Ku, et.al. Electron. Lett. 2002 Chang-Hasnain, UCB

10. Bio-Photonics • DARPA Centers • U of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Berkeley, Colorado State, Columbia, • Cornell, Harvard Chang-Hasnain, UCB

11. InGaN LEDs on Si 200 mm Integration • Monolithic • Princeton University • “If you can draw it, we can build it.” • Vertical coupling of light via lateral tapers. • Single growth step. • Heterogeneous • UC Berkeley • Paste-and-Cut Approach • Ion Cut • Laser Lift-off Cheung and Sands, Berkeley Chang-Hasnain, UCB