Decision 17/CP.8

1. IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryUNFCCC Workshop on the Preparation of National Communications from non-Annex I PartiesApril 26-30, 2004, ManilaLeandro BuendiaProgramme Officer, IPCC-NGGIP-TSU(lbuendia@iges.or.jp)

2. Decision 17/CP.8 Objectives Para 1b. To encourage the presentation of information in a consistent, transparentandcomparable, as well as flexible, manner, taking into account specific national circumstances. Methodologies Para 11. Non-Annex 1 Parties are encouraged to apply the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, taking into account the need to improve transparency, consistency, comparability, completenessandaccuracy in inventories. Para 12. Non-Annex I Parties are also encouraged, to the extent possible, to undertake any key source analysis as indicated in the IPCC good practice guidance to assist in developing inventories that better reflect their national circumstances. Reporting Para 24. Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to provide information on the level of uncertainty associated with inventory data and their underlying assumptions, and to describe the methodologies used, if any, for estimating these uncertainties.

3. Contents • Background Information • What is good practice guidance? • Relationship to GL96 and GPG2000 • Contents of the Report • Policy Relevance • Conclusion

4. Background Information GPG2000 did not cover the land-use change and forestry (LUCF) activities described in Chapter 5 of the GL96: • to avoid the risk of inconsistency with SR-LULUCF • Kyoto Protocol sink negotiations weren’t concluded in 2000

5. Background Information August 2001: Expert Group Planning Mtg. to develop the work programme March 2002 – July 2003: Conducted 5 Authors/Experts Meetings to draft and finalize the Report • First government/expert review in December 2002 to January 2003 • Second governments/experts review in May to June 2003 November 2003: IPCC XXI adopted/accepted the Report December 2003: COP9 welcomed the Report April 2004: published the GPG-LULUCF Report

6. What is good practice guidance? GPG2000 defines inventories consistent with good practice as those which contain neither over- nor underestimates so far as can be judged, and in which uncertainties are reduced as far as is practicable given national circumstances. When applied to LULUCF, this definition should ensure the bona fide estimates of: • emissions by sources and removal by sinks • carbon stock changes

7. Good practice aims to satisfy the definition by providing guidance on: • Choice of estimation method within the context of the IPCC Guidelines • QA/QC procedures to provide cross-checks during inventory compilation • Data and information to be documented, archived and reported to facilitate review and assessment of inventory estimates • Quantification of uncertainties at the source or sink category level and for the inventory as a whole, so that resources available can be directed toward reducing uncertainties over time, and the improvement can be tracked

8. Good practice guidance further supports the development of inventories that are: • transparent • documented • consistent over time • complete • comparable • assessed for uncertainties • subject quality control and assurance • efficient in the use of resources available to inventory agencies • uncertainties are reduced as better information becomes available

9. Relationship to GL96 and GPG2000 GPG-LULUCF is consistent with GL96: • specific source or sink categories it addressed can be traced back to categories in GL96 • it uses the same functional forms for the equations that are used in GL96, or their equivalent • it allows corrections of any errors or deficiencies that have been identified in GL96.

10. Relationship to GL96 and GPG2000 • GPG-LULUCF, following conclusion from SBSTA15, used some flexibilities in handling of categories while ensuring consistency with Chapter 5 of GL96. • GPG-LULUCF has some interlinkages with GPG2000 in estimation of agricultural emissions (i.e. N2O from soils), and must maintain consistency with the advice already agreed upon.

11. Contents of the Report Preface Chapter 1 Overview Chapter 2 Basis for Consistent Representation of Land Areas Chapter 3 LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance Chapter 4 Supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol Chapter 5 Cross-Cutting Issues Glossary Basic Information Abbreviations and Acronyms List of Reviewers

12. Introduction Chapter 1 Basis for Consistent Representation of Land Areas Chapter 2 Chapter 3 LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance Supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the KP Chapter 4 Cross-Cutting Issues Chapter 5 Overview of the GPG-LULUCF

13. Chapter 1 Overview • sets out the mandate for GPG for LULUCF • defines and describes the history of IPCC good practice guidance and its relationship to the IPCC Guidelines • summarises the practical advice provided to inventory agencies • discusses policy relevance

14. Chapter 2 Basis for Consistent Representation of Land Areas 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Land-Use Categories 2.3 Representing Land Areas

15. Annexes and Appendices Chapter 2: Annex 2A.1 Examples of Approaches in Individual Countries Annex 2A.2 Examples of International Land Cover Datasets

16. Chapter 2 Basis for Consistent Representation of Land Areas Approach 1 – Basic Land-Use data Approach 2 – Survey of land use and land-use change Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data • provides advice on different approaches for representing land area depending on the data available • provides 3 approaches for representing land areas (not hierarchical) • six broad categories of land use that provide the basis for more detailed discussion in the chapters that follow • advice on the development of land-use databases and some examples on their usage to approaches • Forest land • Cropland • Grassland • Wetlands • Settlements • Other land

17. Approach 1 – Basic Land-Use data • most common approach • uses area datasets likely to have been prepared for other purposes such as forestry or agricultural statistics

18. Approach 1 – Basic Land-Use data

19. Approach 2 – Survey of land use and land-use change • include more information on changes between categories • more data intensive than Approach 1 but can account for all land-use transitions

20. Approach 2 – Survey of land use and land-use change Final Initial

21. Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data • Requires spatially explicit data of land use and land-use change (location, boundaries) • Subdivide area into spatial units (e.g. grid cells) appropriate to the scale of land-use variation • Requires sampling sufficient for spatial interpolation

22. Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data Complete Coverage of all grid cells 2000 2001

23. Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data Regular sampling grid 2000 2001

24. Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data Irregular sampling grid 2000 2001

25. Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data Grid cells can also be aggregated into polygons 2000 2001 F

26. Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Forest Land 3.3 Cropland 3.4 Grassland 3.5 Wetlands 3.6 Settlements 3.7 Other land

27. Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance • organised using six land-use categories, broad carbon pools and non-CO2 gases, and by tier LU Categories Forest land Cropland Grassland Wetlands Settlements Other land C Pools Living biomass Dead organic matter Soils Non-CO2 CH4 N2O NOx CO Tiers Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

28. Carbon pools

29. Land-Use Categories and C-Pools (“X” denotes that methodologies are provided in the GPG-LULUCF)

30. Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance • provides advice on the estimation of emissions and removals of CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gases • Methodological Issues • Choice of Method • Choice of EF • Choice of AD Completeness Developing a consistent time series Reporting and Documentation Inventory QA/QC • decision trees guide the choice of method according to national circumstances

31. Repeat for each land use category:- FF- GG- CC- WW- SS- OO Are country-specific data available? Are country-specific data available? Do managed forests exist? (Note 1) Is FF a key category? (Note 2) No Report “Not Occurring” Yes Repeat for each gas: - CO2 (carbon) - CH4 - N2O No Use tier level most appropriate for available data Yes Ask for each sub-category under FF (Note 3): Is this subcategory significant? (Note 4) Repeat for each subcategory*: - Biomass- Dead organic matter- Soils No No Yes Yes No Develop or obtain representative data and EFs Yes Are advanced methods and detailed data for FF available in your country? Yes No Use advanced methods and detailed country-specific data (Note 5) (Tier 3) Use country-specific data (Note 5) (Tier 2) Use default data (Note 5) (Tier 1)

32. Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance • default values of emission factors/parameters and activity data

33. Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance • simple tables are provided to assist countries with the linkage to the IPCC Guidelines and good practices on the default methods in the IPCC Guidelines are clearly identified Table 3.1.1 - mapping between GL96 categories and GPG-LULUCF categories ……

34. Forest land

35. Cropland

36. Grassland

37. Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance • also provides appendices covering wetlands and settlements, for which the IPCC Guidelines provide only limited advice and harvested wood products (HWP), which remain under consideration by the UNFCCC.

38. Annexes and Appendices Chapter 3: Annex 3A.1 Biomass Default Tables for Section 3.2 Forest Land Annex 3A.2 Reporting Tables and Worksheets Appendix 3a.1 Harvested wood products: Basis for future methodological development Appendix 3a.2 Non-CO2 Emissions from drainage and rewetting of forest soils: Basis for future methodological development Appendix 3a.3 Wetlands remaining wetlands: Basis for future methodological development Appendix 3a.4 Settlements: Basis for future methodological development

39. Chapter 4 Supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Methods for Estimation, Measurement, Monitoring and Reporting of LULUCF Activities under Articles 3.3 and 3.4 4.3 LULUCF Projects

40. Article 3.3 Activities (elected)Article 3.4 Activities • Afforestation • Reforestation • Deforestation • Forest management • Revegetation • Cropland management • Grazing land management Chapter 4 Supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol • Generally apply to Annex B Parties (emission cap) • Provisions are fixed in the Kyoto Protocol and the Marrakesh Accords of the UNFCCC • Additional classification of land areas • Parties need to • choose certain parameters (e.g. thresholds in the definition of forest) • apply additional methods • report annually on lands subject to:

41. Kyoto Protocol Issues (Chapter 4)

42. Kyoto Protocol Issues (Chapter 4)

43. Kyoto Protocol Issues (Chapter 4) • GPG-LULUCF gives guidance on • how to identifyland areas that are subject to Article 3.3 and Article 3.4 activities • which pools are to be reported • For which years C-stock changes and GHG emission are to be reported • For each Article 3.3 and 3.4 activity GPG-LULUCF gives guidance on: • Activity-specific issues relating to identifying land areas and reporting requirements • The choice of method for estimating carbon stock changes and non-CO2 emissions

44. Projects (CDM & JI) (Section 4.3) • GPG-LULUCF is mostly about national inventories • Section 4.3 is exceptional(and new compared to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines): • gives guidance on inventorying LULUCF projects (typically recommends the use of higher tiers) • gives guidance on defining project boundaries (for JI), measuring, monitoring and estimating changes in carbon stocks and non-CO2 GHGs • gives detailed guidance on sampling design and statistical methods

45. Projects (CDM & JI) (Section 4.3) • GPG-LULUCF does not address CDM-specific issues, such as baseline, non-permanence, additionality, leakage, uncertainties, and socio-economic and environmental impacts (these were negotiated at COP9 of the UNFCCC)

46. Annexes and Appendices Chapter 4: Annex 4A.1 Tool for estimation of changes in soil carbon stocks associated with management changes in croplands and grazing lands based on IPCC default data Annex 4A.2Examples of allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass and belowground biomass of trees

48. Chapter 5 Cross-Cutting Issues 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Identifying and Quantifying Uncertainties 5.3 Sampling 5.4 Methodological Choice -Identification of Key Categories 5.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 5.6 Time Series Consistency and Recalculations 5.7 Verification

49. Chapter 5 Cross-Cutting Issues • provides advice on applying the key category concept in GPG2000 to cover sinks • provides advice on: • quality assurance and quality control • reconstruction of missing data • time series consistency • collecting and analysing data by sampling • quantification and combination of uncertainties • verification by means of comparison with inventories in other countries, independently compiled datasets, modelling approaches and direct measurements on land and/or atmosphere.

50. GPG2000 the concept was named “key source categories” and dealt with the inventory excluding the LULUCF sector. GPG-LULUCF the term "key category" is used to better reflect that both sources and sinks are included. PART 2 - KEY CATEGORIES ANALYSIS WITH LULUCF (GPG-LULUCF)