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Retina Scans. Nothing is Moving in this Image. Visual Perception Notes. How do our brains make sense of what we see?. I. Perceptual Organization. The tendency of our brains to use rules to bring meaning to sensations. A. Figure-Ground.
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Visual Perception Notes How do our brains make sense of what we see?
I. Perceptual Organization The tendency of our brains to use rules to bring meaning to sensations
A. Figure-Ground • We organize an image so some parts appear to stand out (figure) in front of others (background) • It’s difficult to identify an image if detail is consistent throughout
B. Closure • Our brains fill in the missing parts of a figure
C. Proximity • We group things that are placed close together II II II II XO XO XO XO
D. Similarity • We group similar items together
E. Simplicity • We organize items in the simplest possible way
F. Continuity • We prefer smoothly connected and continuous figures instead of disjointed ones
II. Perceptual Constancy • We perceive sizes, shapes, colors, and brightness to be the same even though physical characteristics appear to be changing
Size Constancy Objects are not viewed to be larger nor smaller than normal, the size difference is perceived as distance
Shape Constancy Change in shape is interpreted as movement, not actual shape change
Color Constancy Change in color and brightness is interpreted as change in lighting conditions, not change in actual color or brightness.
III. Perception of Movement • Visual cues and shifting eye muscles indicates viewed object is moving • Drawn cues such as arrows and blurry lines indicate movement
IV. Depth Perception • How do 2D images get perceived as 3D images?
A. Binocular Vision and Stereopsis • Each eye sees a separate 2D image (binocular vision), but the two are merged together (binocular fusion) to create the perception of a single 3D image (stereopsis)
B. Retinal Disparity • Greater difference between the two images captured by the two eyes indicates closeness
C. Convergence • Greater eye muscle tension while focusing on image indicates closeness
D. Motion Parallax • Faster perceived speed indicates closeness, things that seem to move with you are very far away
Objects higher above the horizon are considered farther E. Elevation
F. Linear Perspective • Lines converging indicate distance
G. Atmospheric Perspective • Hazy or cloudy objects indicate distance
H. Texture-Gradient • Greatly detailed surfaces indicate closeness
I. Interposition • In overlapping figures, closer objects obscure distant objects
J. Shadows • Parts of objects that are farther away appear in darkness, unless an unusual light source is evident
That’s all, folks. Aren’t you glad you’re not in the dark anymore?