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Retina Scans

Retina Scans. Nothing is Moving in this Image. Visual Perception Notes. How do our brains make sense of what we see?. I. Perceptual Organization. The tendency of our brains to use rules to bring meaning to sensations. A. Figure-Ground.

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Retina Scans

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  1. Retina Scans

  2. Nothing is Moving in this Image

  3. Visual Perception Notes How do our brains make sense of what we see?

  4. I. Perceptual Organization The tendency of our brains to use rules to bring meaning to sensations

  5. A. Figure-Ground • We organize an image so some parts appear to stand out (figure) in front of others (background) • It’s difficult to identify an image if detail is consistent throughout

  6. B. Closure • Our brains fill in the missing parts of a figure

  7. C. Proximity • We group things that are placed close together II II II II XO XO XO XO

  8. D. Similarity • We group similar items together

  9. E. Simplicity • We organize items in the simplest possible way

  10. F. Continuity • We prefer smoothly connected and continuous figures instead of disjointed ones

  11. II. Perceptual Constancy • We perceive sizes, shapes, colors, and brightness to be the same even though physical characteristics appear to be changing

  12. Size Constancy Objects are not viewed to be larger nor smaller than normal, the size difference is perceived as distance

  13. Shape Constancy Change in shape is interpreted as movement, not actual shape change

  14. Shape Contancy: Ames’ Room

  15. Color Constancy Change in color and brightness is interpreted as change in lighting conditions, not change in actual color or brightness.

  16. III. Perception of Movement • Visual cues and shifting eye muscles indicates viewed object is moving • Drawn cues such as arrows and blurry lines indicate movement

  17. IV. Depth Perception • How do 2D images get perceived as 3D images?

  18. Visual Cliff Experiment: It’s learned!

  19. A. Binocular Vision and Stereopsis • Each eye sees a separate 2D image (binocular vision), but the two are merged together (binocular fusion) to create the perception of a single 3D image (stereopsis)

  20. B. Retinal Disparity • Greater difference between the two images captured by the two eyes indicates closeness

  21. C. Convergence • Greater eye muscle tension while focusing on image indicates closeness

  22. D. Motion Parallax • Faster perceived speed indicates closeness, things that seem to move with you are very far away

  23. Objects higher above the horizon are considered farther E. Elevation

  24. F. Linear Perspective • Lines converging indicate distance

  25. G. Atmospheric Perspective • Hazy or cloudy objects indicate distance

  26. H. Texture-Gradient • Greatly detailed surfaces indicate closeness

  27. I. Interposition • In overlapping figures, closer objects obscure distant objects

  28. J. Shadows • Parts of objects that are farther away appear in darkness, unless an unusual light source is evident

  29. That’s all, folks. Aren’t you glad you’re not in the dark anymore?

  30. One more stereogram for the road…

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