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Marvelous Multiplication: Strategies to Help Teach Multiplication. Jessica Bishop ECED 7259. What is Multiplication? . Multiplication is an arithmetic operation that increases the quantity of numbers.
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Marvelous Multiplication: Strategies to Help Teach Multiplication Jessica Bishop ECED 7259
What is Multiplication? • Multiplication is an arithmetic operation that increases the quantity of numbers. • Multiplication can also be described as adding a certain number as many times as is described by another number. (For example: 3x2 can be shown as 2+2+2.)
2nd grade Strategy • A strategy that can be helpful when introducing multiplication facts is coming up with rhymes to teach the facts. Here are some of the rhymes: • 2x2=4 Two shoes kicked the door, two times two equals four. • 3x4=12 One - two - three - four, One-two is three times four. • 3x8=24 A tree on skates fell on the floor, three times eight is twenty-four. • 5x5=25 Two fives jump off the high dive, five times five is twenty-five. • 6x8=48 Six asked eight for a date, six times eight is forty-eight. • 7x7= 49 7x7 is 49, you are cool, you are fine! • 7x8=56 Five - six - seven - eight, Fifty-six is seven times eight. • 8x8=64 Eight times eight is sixty-four, Shut your mouth and say no more. • 9x9=81 He stood in line and ate a ton, nine times nine is eighty-one.
Pros It is easy to implement into a classroom. Rhymes are pre-made. The students will be able to remember their facts using the rhymes. Cons There are few rhymes. The rhymes are for “easy” facts. The children may feel the rhymes are “babyish”, and therefore not want to use that system. 2nd grade Strategy cont’d
3rd grade Strategy • The third grade strategy allows students to have the nines’ multiplication facts at their fingertips: • Put both hands out, if the problem is 9x5, bend the fifth finger down and that finger will act as the barrier between the tens and ones place. On the left of the bent finger will be four fingers, and on the right will be five. The answer is 45.
Pros It is easy for the students to use. Not time consuming. Is useful for a more difficult set of multiplication facts. Cons It can only be used for one set of multiplication facts. 3rd grade Strategy cont’d
4th grade Strategy • For fourth grade the strategy is helpful when multiplying a 2- or 3-digit number by a one digit number. • If the problem is 34x9 this is how it will look when multiplied by using expanded notation: • 30x9= 270 4x9=36, the students then add 270, and 36. The answer is 306.
Pros Multiplying 30 x 3 and adding it to 4 x 3 may be easier than 34 x 3. Can also be used to practice expanded notation. Cons Students may want to multiply the two products instead of adding them together. 4th grade Strategy cont’d
References • Burns, M. (2007). Nine Ways to Catch Kids Up. Educational Leadership, 65, 16-21. • Caron, T.A. (2007). Learning Multiplication: The Easy Way. Clearing House, 80, 285-291. • Charles, R. & Duckett P. (2008). Focal Points: Grades 3 and 4.Teaching Children Mathematics, 14, 466-471. • Hartley, H. (2008). Multiply the Fun.Times Educational Supplement, 4804, 9. • Lemaire, P. & Siegler, R.S. (1995). Four Aspects of Strategic Change: Contributions to Children’s Learning of Multiplication. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 124, 83- 97. • Maletsky, E.M. (2008). Harcourt Math. Orlando, FL: Harcourt. • Rhyming to Teach the Times Tables. (2007). Retrieved April 21, 2009 from Multiplication.com Web site: http://www.multiplication.com • Van de Walle, J.A. & Lovin, L.H. (2006). Teaching Student- Centered Mathematics (Vol. 1, pp.124- 129) Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. • Woodward, J. (2006). Developing Automaticity in Multiplication Facts: Integrating Strategy Instruction with Timed Practice Drills. Learning Disability Quarterly, 29, 269-290.
