Chittenango Creek

1. Chittenango Creek Cazenovia businesses that made their home along the Chittenango Creek before 1900.

2. General Businesses-Grist Mill Mill that grinds wheat or corn into flour Farmers would bring corn or grain to mill, a �miller�s toll.� Miller would take this fee as his wage rather than charging Typically was one of the first buildings built when early settlements developed. Needed to be near water to turn the wheel which ground the corn or wheat into flour The first grist mill in Cazenovia was built by John Lincklaen in 1794 To the right Stony Brook Grist Mill in Stony Brook, NY

3. General Businesses-Saw Mill Mill cut logs into boards Early mills were somewhat mobile and would be brought close to the logging site to limit the amount of travel needed For permanent mills logs typically floated down river to centralized location Like the grist mills saws were powered by water and used circular saws to cut First saw mill in Cazenovia was built by John Lincklaen in 1794 To the right, Clay Sawmill

4. General Businesses-Woolen Mill Last of the mills typically built, used for textile manufacturing In this time frame wool would have been more popular that cotton in the north (more readily available) Much like other mills water, powered the processing machinery First one built in Cazenovia (and believed to be the first in Madison County) was built by John Lincklaen & Elisha Starr in 1813.

5. Austin Van Riper Built tower clocks in the 1850�s Operated machine shop on Farnham Street, just north of Williams Street Uncle (whom had the same name) had brewery on west side of creek Designed and built clock in New Woodstock Baptist Church & Cazenovia Methodist Church Was forced out of industry due to illness in 1858 Clock mechanism to the right is circa 1864 built by his two understudies Stone & Marshall, very similar to Van Riper�s fashion

6. Stone & Marshall Town Clocks Justice W. Marshall & Samuel Stone both from outside Cazenovia Both apprenticed under Van Riper Moved business to opposite side of Chittenango Creek in 1865 (near where Fenner & Nelson Street meets, just before bridge) Built clocks that are located in California, Alabama, Tennessee & Michigan Built clocks for two local buildings; the Cazenovia Methodist Church (replaced Van Riper one) & Smithfield Community Association

7. Smithfield Community Association

8. Cazenovia Methodist Church

9. Knowlton Oil Mill Edward Knowlton purchased the chair factory owned by Nehemiah White Continued the furniture manufacturer along with building a linseed oil factory in 1815 Was operated until around 1865 when it was sold to Marshall & Card Building was located near the creek bridge on Albany Street

10. American Lock Manufacturing Co. Founded by Philo Felter in Cincinnatus Manufactured with Stone, Marshall and H.E Card Originally remained in Stone & Marshall building Moved in 1875 to former Knowlton Oil Mill machine shop for more room Produced original lock designs with inventor Philo Felter until 1878 1878 Company was sold to Yale Lock Manufacturing Company who moved the company and all equipment to Connecticut The company still manufactures locks to this day

11. Card�s Standard Trap Card bought out Marshall & Stone Invented Glass ball trap for use of marksmen Added partner Will Crittendon Shipped throughout Europe Glass balls were seen as inconvenient and difficult to clean Went out of business with the advent of clay pigeons Existing one located in Cazenovia Public Library Part of the Trap Shooting Hall of Fame (www.traphof.org)

12. Card�s Standard Trap

13. Sash Factory Building originally called Fern Dell Mills was built in 1849-1850 by Ledyard Lincklaen for a woolen mill, but it was sold before it was ever used that way O.W. Sage, Newton Ames & Charles Ames leased it in 1850 to manufacture sash, doors & blinds In 1871 it produced 18,000 doors, 15,000 pairs of blinds & 25,000 lights of sash each year Sold to T.W. Thayer in 18 Located about 1 mile north of the village on Chittenango Creek

14. Sash Factory Photo to the left is of the new Sash Factory Photo to the right is of the new boiler installed for the facility At its height it was the top employer in Cazenovia Factory was located south of the village on Rt.13

15. Cazenovia Paper Mill Founded by Zaddock Sweetland in 1810 and operated under the name Sweetland Brothers Family operated business until 1865 when it was taken over by Henry Monroe The original mill burned down in 1859 but was rebuilt the following year In the spring of 1865 the dam washed away which led to the sale to Mr. Monroe A second fire cause enough damage to force the closure of the mill in 1875 Located near where Sweetland Street meets Clark Street

16. Crawford Mower & Reaper Works Founded in Ilion in 1871 Moved to Cazenovia in 1871 to the sight of the old Sweetland Mills in 1875. Built new building shortly after arrival (still standing today) designed renowned Syracuse architect Archimedes Russell. Built high quality Mowers & Reapers along with full line of farm equipment Also had equipment to perform general machine work Reapers were very popular in Germany At its height it employed 75-100 men Closed 10 years after moving to Cazenovia

17. Archimedes Russell Architect in Syracuse post-Civil War Opened his office in 1868 Completed 850 commissions over a 40+year career including over 600 in the greater Syracuse area Was considered very forward thinking and was quick to embrace new styles such as ornamental styles featuring terra cotta & cast iron His company is still around today (King & King)

18. Bently Shoe Company Building later became home base for many different companies including: Bently Shoe Company, Bently Shoe Company came to Cazenovia from Syracuse in May of 1895. The company was operated by Eben Bently a 24-year old former resident of Cazenovia By November of 1895 the Cazenovia Republican was posting stories about the business being defunct and Bently running away with the money The Chittenango Times said he was in Cuba, the Elmira Daily Gazette said he had fled to Mexico

19. Crawford Mower Building Building went on to house Union Electric Company, Cazenovia Electric Company, (the first company to supply power to the entire village) Cazenovia Canning Factory, The Diepress Company, the Grange League Federation, and other small enterprises Photo to the right is when it was owned by the Cazenovia Canning Company The building was destroyed in a fire in August of 2001, leaving only the original stone foundation remaining which can still be seen

20. Cedar Grove Mills Built in 1837 by E.S Jackson & son Was purchased by Henry Ten Eyck in 1850 Manufactured Woolen Tweeds At its height it had five operating machines and employed 80 people A fire in 1852 caused great destruction and forced Ten Eyck to sell Property was sold to E. Swan who manufactured binding boards after the Civil War

21. Bingley Mills Was purchased in 1831 by William Atkinson Was longest running mill in Cazenovia before its closure in the 1960�s Was located 2 miles north of the village Mill was taken down and sold to mill restorers in Chautauqua after its closer in the 1960�s

22. Bingley Mills Photo to the left is a picture of the dam circa 1880�s Photo to the right is the mill ruins in 1981, a developer has purchased the property and planned a subdivision

23. SF Chaphe Mill Purchased Mill from William & James Burton around 1850 with partner Reuben Parsons They split apart a few years later with Chaphe taking the saw mill and Parsons taking the Grist Mill In 1874 Chaphe erected an additional building to be used as a planing mill To power the new addition Chaphe installed a new 25-hp steam engine New building consisted of 3 planers, and splitting and cut-off saws

24. Shelter Valley Woolen Mill Built in 1848 by the firm of Williams, Ledyard & Stebbins Located 1 � miles south of the village Had the capacity for three sets of woolen machinery, however only had 2 in operation Employed 40 people at its height At its height it produced 2500 yards of wool per week Was destroyed by fire in 1869 Was rebuilt by Williams & Stebbins in 1871 Closed in 1876 due to a depression in prices causing a lack of need for wool

25. Shelter Valley Woolen Mill Photo at the left are of the remnants of the machine shop at Shelter Valley Circa 1975 Photo at the right is the bridge abutment along the creek circa 1975

26. Cazenovia & Canastota Railroad Chartered in April 1868 Construction started April 1869 and was completed on December 7th, 1870 3 trains a day (morning, noon, and afternoon) Designed to connect Cazenovia, Perryville, & Bingley with the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad in Canastota

27. Cazenovia & Canastota Railroad

28. Belmont Powder Mill Opened in July 1888 under the direction of Colonel John D. Griswold Located roughly halfway between Rt. 20 & Rt. 80 (between New Woodstock & Cazenovia) Made High Grades of �Sporting,� �Military,� & �Blasting� powder At its height over 15 buildings existed (mostly �Soda� houses, store houses and grinding mills) In business for 10 years before explosion occurred First occurred in July 1897, business closed for a year to be remodeled

29. Belmont Powder Mill

30. Belmont Powder Mill First explosion destroyed one building No reason was ever noted for why the building blew up Repairs were made and the mill reopened in February 1898 Ceased operation in June 1889 before reopening again in October 1889 4 days after reopening , an explosion occurred less than an hour after it closed for the day Two Buildings exploded, which set fire to two more, which exploded roughly a half hour later

31. Miscellaneous Stories Nehemiah White operated a chair factory from 1806 until 1815 on what would later become Stone & Marshall�s clock shop. Pieces of that furniture are available to be seen at the Lorenzo House Cazenovia Hat Factory, which operated from 1810 until 1825 behind the Chair Factory was ran by John Brevoort & Jere Allis. Allis�s son Edward worked there for a short period before moving to Milwaukee where he became one of the founders of the Edward P. Allis & Company. After a merger or two the company became known as the Allis-Chalmers manufacturing company in 1913

32. Miscellaneous Stories Rufus & Russell G. Allen ran a tannery about one mile north of the village until 1851 when Rufus moved to Two Rivers, Wisconsin and opened an new tannery. That tannery went on to become the largest tannery in the world by the 1880�s

33. Thanks New Woodstock Historical Society, specifically Sara Chevako Cazenovia Public Library, specifically Elisha Davies Russ Grills, former Cazenovia Historian