GHS – The Future

1. GHS – The Future UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

2. What is the GHS? • GHS is an acronym for the UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. • System for standardizing classification and labeling of chemicals worldwide. • A common and coherent approach • To define and classify hazards • To communicate information on labels and safety data sheets (SDS) • A simple and transparent method guided by • Classification criteria • Label requirements • SDS requirements Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

3. The US and GHS • Proposed Rule for Hazard Communication will modify existing Hazard Communication Standard to conform with the UN’s GHS (Revision 3). • Published September 30, 2009 • OSHA estimates final rule will be published within 18 months of that date • Stepped implementation • Employee training must be completed by two years after publication of final rule. Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

4. GHS Benefits • OSHA estimates three benefits to implementing GHS • Benefits associated with preventing injuries, illnesses, and fatalities through clearer and more accessible information • Benefits associated with reducing the time spent on hazardous chemicals through clearer and easier-to-find information • Reducing time needed to develop and review SDSs because of international harmonization • Benefits to workers • Improved safety through consistent and simplified communications on chemical hazards and practices for safe handling • Greater awareness of hazards, resulting in safer use Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

5. Impact of revising HCS to adopt the GHS • Producers of hazardous chemicals • Reclassification of hazardous chemicals per GHS criteria • Preparation and distribution of new labels • Revision of SDSs • Workplace where chemicals are used but not produced • Integrate GHS into hazard communication program • Assure employers and employees understand the pictograms and other information provided on the SDS and labels. • Biggest change for most chemicals under the proposal will be in categorizing the chemical’s hazards • OSHA does not anticipate any significant changes in engineering controls or respiratory protection requirements based on assigning classes and categories Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

6. The GHS • Two primary components of GHS • Hazard Classification • Hazard Communication • Labeling • Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs renamed) Note: Training not addressed in GHS but is a requirement in HCS Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

7. GHS - Classification • Chemical can be classified into one of four hazard classes • Physical hazard • Chemical hazard • Environmental hazard • Unclassified hazard • Hazard classes may be further dividedinto Hazard categories • Categories are subsets of classes • Not all classes have categories • Degree of severity can be addressed by assigning categories. Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

8. Classification Criteria for Carcinogens Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

9. The GHS Classification of Hazards • Classification is based on the hazards resulting from intrinsic properties of chemicals. • Classification is based on currently acceptable and available data • No test requirement in GHS • Manufacturer’s and distributors shall determine the hazard classes and the category for each class to apply to their substances • Limited responsibility for academic institutions Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

10. GHSPhysical Hazards • Explosives • Flammable gases • Flammable aerosols • Oxidizing gases • Gases under pressure • Flammable liquids • Flammable solids • Self-reactive substances and mixtures • Pyrophoric liquids • Pyrophoric solids • Self-heating substances and mixtures • Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases • Oxidizing liquids • Oxidizing solids • Organic peroxide • Compressed gas • Corrosive to metal Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

11. GHS Flammable Liquids Criteria Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

12. GHS Classification Criteria Compared Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

13. Harmonized Criteria for Health Hazards • Acute toxicity • Skin corrosion/ irritation • Serious eye damage/ eye irritation • Respiratory or skin sensitization • Germ cell mutagenicity • Reproductive toxicity • Carcinogenicity • Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) • Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) • Aspiration hazard Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

14. Classification criteria for acute toxicity Acute toxicity estimate: LD50/LC50 (LD50/LC50: lethal dose/lethal concentration causing death of 50% of test animals) Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

15. Classification of Mixtures • The GHS establishes principles where data can be extrapolated in situations regarding mixtures. • Mixtures are classified for eye irritation as follows: • Where test data are available for the complete mixture, the classification of the mixture will always be based on that data. • Use bridging principles. See GHS for detailed guidance • Classify based on the additivity of the mixture ingredients Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

16. Criteria for Eye Irritant Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

17. Classification of acid and base mixtures Eye Irritant Category – partial table Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

18. Classification of mixtures (cont.) Health and Environmental Hazards: • Where test data are not available for the mixture itself, then bridging principles included and explained in each specific chapter should be considered to see whether they permit classification of the mixture. • When classifying an untested mixture based on the hazards of its ingredients, generic cut-off values or concentration limits for the classified ingredients of the mixture are used for several hazard classes in the GHS. Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

19. Cut off values/Concentration limits for health and environmental hazard class Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

20. The GHS • Two primary components of GHS • Hazard Classification • Hazard Communication • Labeling • Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs renamed) Note: Training not addressed in GHS but is a requirement in HCS Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

21. Labels • Required elements • Symbols, Pictograms and color * • Signal words * • Hazard statements * • Precautionary statements* and pictograms • Product identifiers/declaration of ingredients • Supplier identification * Standardized once hazard classification is determined Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

22. Symbol vs GHS Pictogram Symbol Pictogram • Picture or graphic without the border or background color • May appear in the SDS • Picture plus a border to convey information • Must have black symbol on a white background with a red border frame. • When chemicals meet classification criteria under any of the GHS hazard classes, the corresponding pictogram must be on the chemical label. Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

23. Label Elements - Symbols Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

24. Label Elements - Pictograms Flammable substance Self-reactive substance Pyrophoric and self- heating substance Organic peroxides Oxidizing substance Explosives Self-reactive subst. Organic peroxide Environmental hazard Compressed gas Skin corr./irrit. Eye damage/irrit. Corrosive to metal Sensitization (Respiratory) Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity Reproductive toxicity Target organ toxicity Aspiration hazard Acute toxicity Skin corr./irrit. Eye corr./irrit. Sensitization (Dermal) Target organ toxicity Acute toxicity Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

25. Precedence of pictograms ＞ ＞ Skin/Eye irritation ＞ Skin sensitization, Skin/Eye irritation Respiratory sensitization Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

26. Label Elements - Signal Word Signal Word Used to emphasize hazard and to discriminate between hazard categories (level of hazard) “Danger” is used for the more severe hazards “Warning” is used for the less severe hazards Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

27. Signal Words – Acute Toxicity Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

28. Label Elements -Hazard Statements • A statement assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the hazard(s) of a chemical, including, where appropriate, the degree of the hazard. • Codified – numbers assigned to them; harmonized Group of hazard statement • Hazard StatementH300 – Fatal if swallowed Sequential number in a group • Groups: • 2 – physical hazards • 3 – health hazards • 4 – environmental hazards Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

29. Label Elements – Serious eye damage/eye irritation Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

30. Example – Label elements Acute Toxins Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

31. Precautionary Statements • A precautionary statement means a phrase that describes recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to hazardous product, or improper storage or handling of a hazardous product. • Codified; not harmonized • OSHA will make GHS precautionary statements Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

32. Precautionary Statements (cont.) Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

33. Product Identifier • A name or number used for a hazardous chemical on a label and in the Safety Data Sheet. • Ability to cross reference between inventory, label and SDS – which is required in the current HCS. Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

34. Example of label elements Methanol 14 kg Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

35. Labeling secondary containers • …The employer shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with either: • The information specified under (f)(1)(i) through (v) for labels on shipped containers; or • Product identifier and words, pictures, symbols, or combination thereof, which provide at least general information regarding the hazards of the chemicals, and which, in conjunction with the other information immediately available to employees under the hazard communication program, will provide employees with the specific information regarding the physical and health hazards of the hazardous chemical. Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

36. The GHS • Two primary components of GHS • Hazard Classification • Hazard Communication • Labeling • Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs renamed) Note: Training not addressed in GHS but is a requirement in HCS Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

37. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) • Primarily workplace use Criteria for SDS production • For all substances and mixtures which meet the harmonized criteria for physical, health or environmental hazards under the GHS. Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

38. SDS 16 Headings • Identification of the substance or mixture and of the supplier • Hazard(s) identification • Composition/information on ingredients • First-aid measures • Fire-fighting measures • Accidental release measures • Handling and storage • Exposure controls/ personal protection • Physical and chemical properties • Stability and reactivity • Toxicological information • Ecological information • Disposal considerations • Transport information • Regulatory information • Other information including information on preparation and revision of the SDS Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

39. Next steps • Unique opportunity to work collectively on implementation • Minimize duplication of efforts • What needs to be done? • Training • Employees who need to be trained to understand label elements • Staff who need to be trained to label secondary containers • In-house labels • SDSs management Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

40. Ideas for collaboration orWhat Can OSLP Do? • Develop provide training for two categories • Employees who must be trained to understand label elements and SDS information • Employees who must also create in-house labels • Provide on-line training? • Provide regional face-to-face training with initial implementation • Develop other types of training materials – posters? • Develop an in-house secondary container label • Software program? • Other ideas for collaboration • Timeline for projects and funding issues Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM

41. Resources – a limited list • Revision Three link: • http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welcome_e.html • OSHA – A Guide to the Globally Harmonized system of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals • http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/ghs.html • International Safety Data Cards • http://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/index.htm Jane Rank, CSP, CHMM, ARM