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Exploring the ecological and economic role of Pacific sardine

Exploring the ecological and economic role of Pacific sardine. Andr és M. Cisneros-Montemayor and U. Rashid Sumaila. Trinational Sardine Forum. La Jolla, December 8, 2011. Outline. Fisheries in the California Current Ecosystem modeling of the BC Shelf Sardine as a forage fish

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Exploring the ecological and economic role of Pacific sardine

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  1. Exploring the ecological and economic role of Pacific sardine Andrés M. Cisneros-Montemayor andU. Rashid Sumaila Trinational Sardine Forum. La Jolla, December 8, 2011

  2. Outline • Fisheries in the California Current • Ecosystem modeling of the BC Shelf • Sardine as a forage fish • Contribution of sardine to ecosystem output • Summary • Next steps and challenges

  3. Fisheries in the California Current What is the contribution of sardines as forage fish in this system? Economic impact of California Current fisheries by country (USD 2011). Landed values are from government statistics (CONAPESCA 2007; DFO 2008; NOAA 2008); economic impact and income effects calculated based on input-output multipliers for fisheries reported in Dyck and Sumaila (2010).

  4. Ecosystem modeling: BC Shelf

  5. Ecosystem model: BC • 33 functional groups (12 with time-series data); • 10 fishing fleets; • Ecosystem driven by Aleutian Low Pressure Index.

  6. Ecopath

  7. Ecosim Ecosim Relative biomass Catch (thousands of tons)

  8. Sardines as forage fish • Sardine is directly linked (predator/prey) to 19 functional groups; • Highest average proportion in predator biomass among fish after herring; • Trophic interactions are confounded with environmental change; • Model allows us to hold the environment constant; • Diet matrix and landed values can be used to calculate contribution of sardine to landed values.

  9. Contribution to fisheries value Based on Ecopath diet matrix and BC landed value Pacific Sardine Scombrids $658 K Rockfishes $1.9 M Sharks $20 K Cod-likes $339 K Salmonids $1.5 M Total $4,900,000 Flatfishes $355 K

  10. Contribution to ecosystem output • Dynamic model: contribution of sardine to species-specific biomass and economic value.

  11. Contribution to ecosystem output

  12. Contribution to ecosystem output

  13. Contribution to ecosystem output • Total ecosystem fisheries value is currently ~9.2 B USD; • Including ecosystem effects, the fisheries value of an additional thousand tons of sardine is ~80 K USD.

  14. Summary • Ecosystem model is providing interesting results, and is closer to adequately representing observed data; • Sardines contribute significantly to the ecosystem both in terms of production and subsequent fishing value; • Ecosystem models are not a substitute for stock assessments, but can be used as a testing ground for hypotheses, new methodologies and interdisciplinary research.

  15. Next steps • Test more hypotheses for environmental drivers and ecosystem shifts; • Explore mechanisms for sardine population response to environment; • Validate results with observed fisheries data; • Expand model to rest of California Current.

  16. Acknowledgements • J. Schweigert, S. McFarlane, L. Flostrand, J. Detering, J. Lenic, E. Cotero, M. Nevárez and S. Herzka; • V. Christensen, C. Walters, S. Martell (Committee). • a.cisneros@fisheries.ubc.ca • andres.cisneros.m@gmail.com • r.sumaila@fisheries.ubc.ca

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