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Exploring Our Solar System: Nebular Theory and Planet Formation

Dive into the fascinating Nebular Theory and the formation of our Solar System. Learn about the planetary evolution and characteristics, from the Terrestrial to Gas/Ice Giants, and explore the measurements and components of the inner solar system. Enhance your knowledge with engaging activities and discover the wonders of the universe!

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Exploring Our Solar System: Nebular Theory and Planet Formation

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  1. Warm-up 4/22/15 Take out your Study Guides!! Review for 10 minutes  Target TEST TIME!

  2. Diagram 1 Diagram 4 Diagram 7 Diagram 5 Diagram 2 A B C 8 5 D Diagram 8 Diagram 3 Diagram 6

  3. THE SOLAR SYSTEM \ Update your Table of Contents! 3

  4. Origin of the Solar System • Our solar system formed 4.6 billion years ago. • Would you believe me if I told you it formed from a large cloud of dust and gas? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhy1fucSRQI

  5. The Nebular Theory • Nebular Theory- solar system formed from a rotating cloud of dust and gas. • Solar nebula- a large, thin cloud of dust and gas. • Formed from material expelled by previous stars.

  6. The Nebular Theory • (A): • Nebula began with slight rotation… • As the cloud contracted, it began to spin faster… • More gravitational attraction between particles (dust)… • Nebula shrinks, accelerating the process.

  7. The Nebular Theory • (B): • Solar nebula rotates faster… • Begins to flatten out… • Over 100,000 yrs a protoplanetarydisk formed (looks like a giant fried egg)… • The disk was densest in the center and thinner toward the edges.

  8. The Nebular Theory • (C): • About 99.9 % of the mass became concentrated at the center (egg yolk)… • This became our sun. • At this time our sun was a few million degrees!

  9. The Nebular Theory • (D): • Dust grains are colliding… • Weak forces hold them together… • Forming loose balls of dust… • As these balls of dust collided they grew larger… • …formed planetesimals.

  10. The Nebular Theory • (D): • Planetesimals(asteroid like bodies that eventually combined to form planets) grew by accretion (process of adding mass by colliding with other planetesimals)…

  11. Protoplanets • Once they grew large enough they had a gravitational force… • Attracted more material… • Became larger… • Now protoplanets… • Protoplanets formed current planets in a series of violent collisions.

  12. E.Terrestrial Planets • Terrestrial planets- Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. • Small, and rocky planets. • Why aren’t they as large as the gas giants? • Answer- it was too hot near the sun, and much of the material couldn’t condense… • …not until it got farther from the sun.

  13. E. Gas/Ice Giants • Ice forming materials (water, ammonia, methane, etc.) condensed farther away from the sun (it’s colder) • As these planets grew, gravity increased, and these planets captured Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He) from space…grew even larger!!

  14. Can you come up with saying to help you remember the order?? • How many planets do we have in our Solar System? • List them. 14

  15. Warm-up 4/24/15 1. Describe the Nebular Theory and how our Solar System was formed. 2. List the 8 planets that make up our Solar System.

  16. Clay Model of the Solar System

  17. Solar System (Sizes to scale)

  18. Bellwork 4/27/15 • On Your Desk: • PRIDE Card • I.N. • Pen/Pencil • Which planet is the largest in size? • Jupiter is the largest planet. • 2. Which planet is the smallest in size? • Mercury is the smallest planet. • 3. List the rocky planets. • Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are the 4 rocky planets.

  19. Planet Brochure

  20. On Your Desk: • PRIDE Card • I.N. • Pen/Pencil Warm-up 4/28/15 • 1. How many planets away from the SUN is your planet (or object in the solar system)? • 2. How many planets away from the EARTH is your planet (or object in the solar system)?

  21. Planet Brochure Day 1: Research *Cite your sources Day 2: Rough Draft Day 3/4: Final Draft **Due Thursday!!!

  22. Warm-up 4/29/15 • On Your Desk: • PRIDE Card • I.N. • Pen/Pencil • Rough Draft • 1. List two amazing things you learned about your planet!!

  23. SONGS!!! Planets Around a Star: http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=nQfJ7j2UGGk Planets Song: http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=GH61v4_eVNA

  24. Asteroids Comets Meteors Meteoroids Meteorites Use Chapter 4: Section 5 to discover the differences! -Create “Flip” Cards for each vocabulary term

  25. Measurements • Light Year: distance that light travels in a year • Used for measurements within our galaxy • 5.88 trillion miles in a year • 1 light year equals 63,000 AU • AU: Astronomical Unit • Used for measurements within our solar system • Distance from Earth to Sun • 1 AU equals 93,000,000 miles

  26. Inner solar system… • Consists of: • Sun • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Moon • Mars • Asteroid belt • Ceres • Other debris • Asteroids

  27. Sun • Contains 99.8% of all the mass of the solar system • Only star in our solar system • 865,000 miles in diameter

  28. Mercury • Closest planet to the sun • The smallest of the 8 planets • 2nd hottest planet • Very rocky… like Earth • No stable atmosphere

  29. View from Mariner 10 (1974) of Mercury

  30. View from Messenger (2008) of Mercury

  31. Venus • 2nd closest planet to the sun • Hottest planet • Reach 860 degrees Fahrenheit • Dense atmosphere • Mainly Carbon Dioxide • Greenhouse effect • Why its so hot! • Sister planet

  32. Hot, rocky surface of Venus

  33. Clouds of Venus

  34. Mars • 4th planet from the sun • After Earth • Atmosphere mainly Carbon Dioxide • Polar ice caps • Frozen water • Used to have liquid water in the past

  35. Mars surface

  36. Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the solar system

  37. Asteroid belt • Rocks that never clumped together to form a planet • Proto-planet • Ceres • Can sometimes make way into inner solar system

  38. Gaspra- Asteroid found in the Asteroid belt (1991)

  39. Outer solar system… • Consists of: • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune • Kuiper belt • Pluto • Scattered disc • Eris

  40. Jupiter • Largest planet in solar system • Mainly Hydrogen and Helium • Enough gravity to hold onto these light elements • Not rocky… Gas giant • Has 63 moons… 47 of which are named

  41. Is Jupiter large?

  42. Hurricane the size of Earth

  43. Saturn • 2nd largest planet • Known for its ringsdebris orbiting the planet • Very similar to Jupiter • One of its moons, Titan, is larger than Mercury… and is the only moon to possess an atmosphere

  44. Is Saturn large?

  45. Voyager image of Saturn’s rings

  46. Uranus • 7th planet from the sun • Completely tilted on its axis • 97.77 degrees • Winds can reach up to 560 mph • Many poisonous gases in the atmosphere

  47. Neptune • Farthest planet from the sun • Fastest winds in the solar system • 1300 mph • Methane atmosphere • Dark spots are huge hurricanes

  48. Kuiper belt • This is where Pluto is found • Similar to the asteroid belt • Contains debris that didn’t become part of a planet

  49. Largest objects found in the Kuiper belt

  50. Put it all together… Mercury-Venus-Earth-Mars-Asteroid belt-Jupiter-Saturn-Uranus-Neptune-Kuiper belt (Pluto)-Scattered disc (Eris)

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