Chapter 17: Cultures in Conflict

1. Chapter 17: Cultures in Conflict

2. Chapter Overview: Examines the conflict between Native Americans and Anglo ranchers / farmers in West Texas

3. Chapter Sections • Section 1: Describes how Native Americans controlled West Texas after the Civil War. • Section 2: Explains how Native American culture was changed by the extermination of the buffalo and battles with U.S. Army / Texas Rangers. • Section 3: Describes the last Native American battles at the Rio Grande.

4. Section 1: West Texas After the Civil War Native Americans Control the West: By 1850, most Native Americans removed from Eastern half of Texas • However, settlers in West Texas lived under constant fear of raids

5. To stop the raids, federal troops stationed in West TX; 1. posts at Fredericksburg, Albany, San Angelo, Fort Stockton, Fort Davis, El Paso For awhile, the army was unable to stop the raids – WHY?

8. Army Disadvantages • Not enough soldiers and untrained • Little/no experience fighting Native Americans • Forts built too far apart/ too far west to immediately protect settlers 4. Shortages of food/supplies forced the cancellation of many army attack campaigns

9. Native American Advantages • Knew the lands of West Texas very well • Skilled fighters a) in the time it took to load arifle or pistol (1min), a skilled warrior couldride 200 yds andshoot 20 arrows • Plus, by 1870s, most Native Americans carried rifles, too

10. Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek 1867 – federal agents met with tribal chiefs in (present-day) Kansas and signed treaty Terms of the treaty: • Native Americans moved to reservations in Indian Territory (present-day Okla) • U.S. govt provide food/supplies • U.S. army not allowed on the reservations • Native Americans would STOP the raids on settlers.

11. Treaty (cont’d) • Generally believed that kind, fair treatment would stop Native Americans from raiding • Many Quakers served as Indian Agents 1. Quakers did not believe in violence 2. Lawrie Tatum – Quaker Indian Agent who worked to educate Native Americans in agriculture so they could earn living in white man’s world

12. Medicine Lodge Treaty Fails • Many Native Americans refused to sign treaty – nearly one-half of Comanches, Kiowas • Claimed: 1. government broke promises made to them; 2. cheated and mistreated them

13. Satanta – Kiowa Chief • Most famous Kiowa chief – excellent speaker (Orator of the Plains) • Wanted to preserve Kiowa way of life • Insisted that West TX belonged to Kiowas and Comanches • Believed his people could not survive very long on reservations

14. Other Chiefs Agree: Lone Wolf • Lone Wolf – Kiowa chief who called for war against army/settlers (to avenge son’s death in army battle) • Ten Bears – Comanche chief who argued that people must be allowed to roam freely over TX plains • Quanah Parker – Comanche chief and son of Nocona and white woman, Cynthia Ann Parker; spent 10 years attacking/trying to run settlers out of TX Quanah Parker Ten Bears

15. Some Tribes Left Kicking Bird and Striking Eagle – Kiowa chiefs who argued against war with army and advised people to accept the ways of the white man Horseback – Comanche chief who moved his people to reservations. Warfare between Native Americans and army troops / settlers increased and became much more serious!

16. A Kiowa drawing of a battle in West TX – possibly Red River campaign