Cultures in Conflict Texas History, Chapter 17

1. Cultures in ConflictTexas History, Chapter 17

2. Native Americans Control the West Settlements in isolated West Texas were left vulnerable to attacks by the Comanches, Kiowas and other Plains people

3. Search for Peace Federal agents believed that fair treatment would stop attacks by Native Americans Society of Friends, or Quakers: did not believe in violence

4. Search for Peace 1867: federal agents and chiefs of Native American nations met and signed Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek

5. Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek • Native Americans would move to reservations in the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) • Native Americans agreed to stop raiding settlements

6. Peace Policy Fails • Satanta: Kiowa chief who spoke against moving to reservations • “Orator of the Plains:” Known for eloquent speeches

7. West Texas at War • General Sherman investigated raids on settlements • Kiowas attacked wagon train at Salt Creek • Sherman arrested Satanta

8. West Texas at War • Satanta was not executed; federal officials afraid of starting war with Native Americans • Peace policy abandoned; federal expeditions sent to destroy Native American camps

9. West Texas at War • Federal soldiers were stationed in West Texas to prevent Native American raids • Built series of forts • Failed to stops raids at first: not enough soldiers and soldiers were inexperienced

10. Native American Culture Attacked • Buffalo were important to the Plain people for food & other necessities • General Sheridan encouraged white buffalo hunters to kill all buffalo to defeat the Plains culture

11. Buffalo Hunters • Only interested in buffalo hides, leaving carcass to rot • Without the buffalo, Native Americans would be forced to move to reservations in order to survive

12. Buffalo Hunters at Adobe Walls • Plains tribes, led by Quanah Parker, attacked camp at Adobe Walls • Unable to take Adobe Walls, warriors increased raids on Anglo settlements

13. Red River Campaign • 3,000 Army troops sent to search for Native American camps • Battle of Palo Duro Canyon • Colonel Mackenzie had 1,000 Native American horses destroyed

14. Surrender • Kwahadies: last Comanche bands to surrender • By 1874, most Native Americans moved to reservations • Victory over Native Americans resulted in westward migration by Anglo settlers

15. Kickapoo Raiders • Kickapoo raiders fought on the Mexico, Texas and New Mexico borders • Raids subdued after 1878

16. Buffalo Soldiers • Tenth Cavalry made up of African Americans • Pursued Victorio and his band of Apache warriors in West Texas

17. Buffalo Soldiers • Soldiers well respected by the Native Americans but sometimes harassed by the Anglo American settlers • 19 buffalo soldiers received Medals of Honor for service in the American West

18. Texas Rangers • Lawlessness in South Texas grew partly as result of Civil War deserters • “Special Force” of Rangers was sent to lower Rio Grande to establish peace

19. Texas Rangers • Reputation for ruthlessness • Sent to deal with ambitious ranchers and renegades • Known to mistreat Mexican Americans

20. A New Era • With threat of raids gone, settlers moved into West Texas and established farms & ranches • Towns grew up around former military posts

21. Good Luck on Your Test!

22. Review Questions • By 1866, federal soldiers were stationed in West Texas to A. prevent Native American attacks B. Assist new settlers C. Stop attacks on Native Americans

23. Review Questions • By 1866, federal soldiers were stationed in West Texas to A. prevent Native American attacks B. Assist new settlers C. Stop attacks on Native Americans

24. Review Questions • Federal officials were opposed to executing Satanta because • He wanted Native Americans to move to reservations • They supported his beliefs • They were afraid of starting a war

25. Review Questions • Federal officials were opposed to executing Satanta because • He wanted Native Americans to move to reservations • They supported his beliefs • They were afraid of starting a war

26. Review Questions • Who were well respected by the Native Americans but harassed by the Anglo American settlers? • Mexican Americans • Buffalo soldiers • Buffalo hunters

27. Review Questions • Who were well respected by the Native Americans but harassed by the Anglo American settlers? • Mexican Americans • Buffalo soldiers • Buffalo hunters

28. Review Questions • At first, the U.S. Army failed to stop raids by Native Americans for all these reasons EXCEPT • Soldiers were inexperienced • It did not have enough soldiers • It failed to build forts

29. Review Questions • At first, the U.S. Army failed to stop raids by Native Americans for all these reasons EXCEPT • Soldiers were inexperienced • It did not have enough soldiers • It failed to build forts

30. Review Questions • Nineteen buffalo soldiers received this for service in the American West • Land • Congressional Medal of Honor • Guns and supplies

31. Review Questions • Nineteen buffalo soldiers received this for service in the American West • Land • Congressional Medal of Honor • Guns and supplies

32. Review Questions • Lawlessness in South Texas grew partly as a result of • Few laws on the books • Civil War deserters • An increase in Native Americans

33. Review Questions • Lawlessness in South Texas grew partly as a result of • Few laws on the books • Civil War deserters • An increase in Native Americans

34. Review Questions • Quakers were often selected as reservations agents because they opposed • The federal government • Violence • Anglo settlers

35. Review Questions • Quakers were often selected as reservations agents because they opposed • The federal government • Violence • Anglo settlers

36. Review Questions • Buffalo were important to Native Americans of the Plains for • Food • Sacrifice • Riding

37. Review Questions • Buffalo were important to Native Americans of the Plains for • Food • Sacrifice • Riding

38. Review Questions • By November 1874, most Native Americans in Texas • Resumed their old way of life • Were going to reservations • Had defeated white settlers

39. Review Questions • By November 1874, most Native Americans in Texas • Resumed their old way of life • Were going to reservations • Had defeated white settlers

40. Review Questions • The white buffalo hunters were primarily interested in buffalo • Hides • Sinew • Paunches

41. Review Questions • The white buffalo hunters were primarily interested in buffalo • Hides • Sinew • Paunches

42. Review Questions • The Tenth Cavalry was made up of • Mexican Americans • African Americans • Native Americans

43. Review Questions • The Tenth Cavalry was made up of • Mexican Americans • African Americans • Native Americans

44. Review Questions • Many people believed the Texas Rangers often mistreated • Sheep ranchers • Cattle ranchers • Mexican Americans

45. Review Questions • Many people believed the Texas Rangers often mistreated • Sheep ranchers • Cattle ranchers • Mexican Americans

46. Review Questions • The leader of the Apaches who fought battles in Texas and Mexico was • Satanta • Victorio • Lawrie Tatum

47. Review Questions • The leader of the Apaches who fought battles in Texas and Mexico was • Satanta • Victorio • Lawrie Tatum

48. Review Questions • Known as the Society of Friends • Kwahadies • Quakers • Kickapoos

49. Review Questions • Known as the Society of Friends • Kwahadies • Quakers • Kickapoos

50. Review Questions • According to the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek, Native Americans would live on reservations in • present-day Kansas • Indian Territory • North of the Red River