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CARBOHYDRATES

PTT 202: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY. CARBOHYDRATES. PREPARED BY: NOR HELYA IMAN KAMALUDIN helya@unimap.edu.my. Introduction of Carbohydrates. Chemical methods of carbohydrate analysis. Reduction methods. Reaction with aromatic amines. Reactions with strong acids and a phenol.

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CARBOHYDRATES

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  1. PTT 202: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY CARBOHYDRATES PREPARED BY: NOR HELYA IMAN KAMALUDIN helya@unimap.edu.my

  2. Introduction of Carbohydrates

  3. Chemical methods of carbohydrate analysis

  4. Reduction methods

  5. Reaction with aromatic amines

  6. Reactions with strong acids and a phenol

  7. Figure 1: Formation of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

  8. Enzymic methods of carbohydrate analysis

  9. Assay of glucose using glucose oxidase

  10. Assay of glucose using glucose oxidase

  11. Assay of glucose using glucose oxidase Measurement of the hydrogen peroxide formed

  12. Assay of glucose using glucose oxidase Measurement of the oxygen consumed

  13. Assay of glucose using glucose dehydrogenase

  14. Assay of glucose using hexokinase

  15. Assay of glucose using hexokinase

  16. Mannose, fructose and glucose may all be assayed independently using hexokinase and the appropriate additional enzymes. All the reactions can be monitored in absorbance at 340 nm as NADP+ is reduced to NADPH. Figure 1: Assay systems for mannose, fructose and glucose using hexokinase.

  17. Separation and identification of carbohydrate mixtures

  18. Paper and thin-layer chromatography

  19. Paper and thin-layer chromatography

  20. Table 1: Some monophasic solvents for thin-layer chromatography of carbohydrates

  21. Gas-liquid chromatography

  22. The analysis was performed on an OV-1 stationary phase using a temperature gradient from 120 to 220˚C Figure 2: Separation of equimolar concentrations of methyglycosides by GLC.

  23. High performance liquid chromatography

  24. THANK YOU..

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