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The Roaring ‘20’s

The Roaring ‘20’s. Boom & Bust. Popular Culture. Sports Baseball, boxing, & football are at catching a lot of attention Sports figures become heroes Ruth, Notre Dame Football, etc…. Mass media. Radio KDKA in Pittsburg becomes the 1 st radio station Music starts to blossom & catch on

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The Roaring ‘20’s

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  1. The Roaring ‘20’s Boom & Bust

  2. Popular Culture • Sports • Baseball, boxing, & football are at catching a lot of attention • Sports figures become heroes • Ruth, Notre Dame Football, etc…

  3. Mass media • Radio • KDKA in Pittsburg becomes the 1st radio station • Music starts to blossom & catch on • Jazz hits high points • Newspapers & magazines become popular reading material • Hollywood

  4. African American Culture • Harlem Renaissance • Great Migration- movement of blacks from the rural south to the urban north to seek jobs (mills & industries) • Harlem became the center of black life • The writers • McKay, Hughes, Hurston • Jazz, Blues & theatre • Louis Armstrong- developed early forms of Jazz • Played in the Hot 5 • Based out of New Orleans & had a huge impact of Black Jazz

  5. Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)

  6. Music, Music, Music • Sweet Lou • Duke Ellington • Played ragtime music & known for his piano skills • Played often at the Cotton Club (Harlem’s hottest night spot) • Bessie Smith • Soul music • The blues were soulful music that evolved from Afro American spirituals

  7. Black Politics • Racial pride grew during this time • Black vote in the north actually became a voice • Oscar DePriest became the 1st black in congress • NAACP is formed • Protested lynching • Joined labor unions • Black nationalism • Marcus Garvey- inspired by Booker T Washington founded the Universal negro Improvement Association • Wanted to est. a Black settlement in Liberia & called for Blacks to leave America • He was eventually convicted of mail fraud & deported to Jamaica

  8. Immigration • Large groups of people from southern & eastern Europe flocked here for industrial jobs • This caused a great deal of Racism • Italians, Irish viewed as scum • Pseudo-Science (Eugenics-false science)- based on improving heredity traits of northern Europeans

  9. KKK • At first this group targeted blacks • The new clan of the’20’s targeted blacks, Catholics, Jews, etc… • This new clan was formed by William Simmons

  10. Consumer Society • Credit • Mass Advertising • Est. of Bureaucracies • Large, complex organizations • Welfare capitalism • System in which companies allow employees to buy stock, participate in profit sharing and receive benefits

  11. Policies of Prosperity • Henry Mellon • Secretary of the treasury for over a decade • Est the Mellon program • Balance the budget • Reduce GOV debt • Cut taxes • Lowered interest rates • Supply-side economics- economy grows & the nation makes more money. GOV actually can cut tax rates & make more money • Herbert Hoover • Stressed industrial growth • Cooperative individualism - encouraged manufactures & distributors to form their own organizations & volunteer info. To the FED GOV to stimulate the economy

  12. America’s outlook on the rest of the world • Isolationism- stay out of world affairs & pursue America prosperity • Charles Dawes Plan (American Diplomat) • Negotiated an agreement with Britain, France & Germany • US would loan money to Germany. Germany would use the money to payback French & British (WWI debts) • May be the worst plan ever • Washington Conference • Effort to slow world wide arms race

  13. Storming toward depression

  14. Stock Marketused to buy & sell shares of companies • Long Bull Market • Rising sock prices for a long period of time • Margin- buying stocks with small down payment ((as low as 10%) • Margin Call- brokers can demand investors to repay loan immediately • The crash • many margin calls were made • Black Tuesday (OCT 29th ) • Stocks lost 10-15 billion dollars

  15. Banks • Loaned money to investors • Invested depositors money • Hoped for high returns • Crash hurt banks • No GOV insurance (people lost savings) • Bank runs- people tried to pull out all their money

  16. Other roots to the Depression • Uneven distribution of income • Loss of export sales • Hawley-Smoot tariff • Mistakes by Federal Reserve • Low interest rates for to long

  17. Life during the depression • Avg income- $1600 • Soup Kitchens • Free food • Makeshift villages • People lost homes because they could not pay • Shanty towns/ Hoovervilles- shacked up communities • Dust Bowl • Drought of 1932

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