Russia/ SOVIET UNION

1. Russia/ SOVIET UNION

2. Russia 900-1917 Soviet Union (USSR) 1917-1991 Russia 1991-present

4. Communism • A system where the government controls all the factories, farmland, jobs, healthcare – basically everything • The symbol for it is the • Hammer (factory workers) • and the Sickle (farmers) • Their slogan is • “workers of the world unite together to overthrow capitalism”

5. Gulags(prisons, labor/concentration camps)in Siberia

6. Romanov Tsars: • Tsars are the kings of Russia • Romanov is the royal family of Russia • Romanov Dynasty ruled Russia for 300 years

7. 1. Look at source 2 on p. 99 - How many different people groups lived in Russia?2. List 3 characteristics of the peasants and the country side (p.100)3. List 3 characteristics of the Aristocracy4. List 3 characteristics of people living in the city (p.101)5. Who were the Capitalists?6. The Czar ruled Russia as an autocracy - what does that mean? (p.102)7. List 3 facts about Karl Marx and marxist theory  (in the margin on p. 103)8. So, do you think people wanted to overthrow the Tsar? • 9. What do you think the Tsar’s police were always looking for?

8. Tsar Nicolas Romonov II His daughter Anastasia GrigoriRasputin The Last Russian Tsar

9. Peasants (poor landless farmers) : made up 80% of the Russian population • City/factory workers: made up 18% of the population • Aristocracy: rich landowners who owned most of the land 1% • Government workers including secret police 1%

11. Karl Marx writer of the bookCommunist Manifesto

12. Karl Marx • German political writer 1818-1883 • Disgusted by the living and working conditions of the poor factory workers • Writer of a book entitled the “Communist Manifesto” • Ideas included: throughout history there have been class struggles between the rich (bourgeoisie) and the workers (proletariat) • said that the rich would always use capitalism to influence lawmakers to write laws to stay in power • Said that the PROLETARIAT (workers) of the world need to unite together and have a revolution to overthrow capitalism • COMMUNISM will one DAY overthrow Capitalism!!! • The communist leaders would then set up a “communist” system where all private ownership would be abolished • All factories and farmland would be owned by the state (government) or in common • In this system everyone would have a job, adequate housing, healthcare, access to education, in essence be equal

13. Assignment: on the back of the question sheet copy these vocabulary words and answer the 3 questions • Autocracy (Autocrat): Rule by one person • Okhrana: The Tsar’s secret police • Proletariat(workers): • factory workers and poor farmers • Bourgeoisie: the wealthier people making good money • Bolsheviks: communists revolutionaries that were with Vladimir Lenin • Soviets: groups of communist workers that organized protests in major cities around Russia • 1. Why might Russians not like the Tsar and his form of government? • 2. What kinds of people do you think the Okhrana were looking for? • 2. Why might Russian peasants and factory workers like the Bolsheviks? • 3. What Russians wouldn’t like the Bolsheviks?

14. Closure: Complete these sentences • An Autocracy ________________ • The proletariat were the _________ • The bourgeoisie were the ________ • Karl Marx ________ • Vladimir Lenin __________ • The Bolsheviks ________ • Soviets________ • Tsar Nicolas Romanov II __________

15. Vladimir LENIN: leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution brought Communism to Russia - The country then became the Soviet Union

16. 1. what was Bloody Sunday? (p. 104) • 2. How did the Tsar survive? • 3. look at the graphic on page 110 and explain 4 reasons that the Tsar did not survive the 1917 Revolution • 4. Read 'An analysis of the Bolshevik Revolution' on p. 115 and explain why the Bolsheviks took control of Russia

20. What happened to Lenin’s older brother? • What book influenced his life? • Why do you think he got sent to prison in Siberia? • Who were the Bolsheviks? • What happened to the Czar (Tsar Nicolas II) ? • What did Lenin and the Bolsheviks do in November of 1917? • What did they name this new country? • Russia was then in a civil war – who do you think were the 2 sides?

21. COMMUNISM workers of the world unite to overthrow capitalism • Communism: A system of government that controls all the farmland, all the stores, restaurants, the hospitals, schools, housing, etc. • No one is homeless, no one is unemployed, no one is without healthcare but no one can own a business so no one is rich • Dictionary definition: a system of social organization (or government) in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single political party • WHY CAPITALISTS HATE COMMUNISM • They are going to take away people’s private property (wealth) Businesses restaurants, land, houses, etc.– take away your opportunity to become rich

22. Give a man a fish and he eats for a day • Teach a man to fish and he’ll eat for a lifetime

24. Capitalism • Is an economic system where the private individuals control the land, business and industry • Thereby making profit

25. Proletariat(workers): • factory workers and poor farmers • Bourgeoisie: the capitalists – people making money

27. 1.Under the Romanov tsars did Russia have a democracy or dictatorship? • 2. Why do dictators have so many secret police and spies? • 3. What is Siberia known for? • 4. What is the % breakdown of the Russian population people groups for this time period? • 5. what are Revolutionaries? • 6. what happens in a Revolution? • 7. What do you think is going to happen to Tsar Nicolas the II? • 8. Who killed the Romanov royal family?

28. Finish these sentences • Things that Russia is known for are… • A Tsar is … • A gulag in Siberia…. • The Bolsheviks… • Karl Marx… • Communism… • The proletariat… • Vladimir Lenin… • Capitalism … • Communism….

29. Individuals (private citizens) own the companies i.e. people own Apple, Facebook, Nike, Coca Cola, Southwest Airlines, McDonalds, apartment complexes, thousands of acres of farmland, basically everything Private individuals own the housing so people have to pay rent or buy Private citizens own the hospitals or insurance companies so you have to pay for healthcare Many schools are private - Harvard, Stanford, Brophyso students have to pay thousands in tuition Banks loan money so you can borrow “capital” to start your own business and make millions Critics say the rich influence lawmakers to stay rich Capitalism There are Winners (rich) Losers (poor) Probably not fair – but still almost anyone can work hard and do well Think of all the choices in the cereal aisle in an American grocery store – in a communist country (Cuba) there might be only white boxes that read “Corn Flakes” The Government controls all the land, mining, transportation, factories, restaurants, hotels, - everything workers work for the government Government owns all housing so no one is homeless Government owns all the hospitals – free healthcare Government controls all schools – free tuition No banks, no advertising, no commercials because no one is trying to become rich you can’t own your own company and then create a chain of stores to become rich No one is motivated to become rich so they don’t make thousands of stores – so there aren’t lots of things to buy Communism- Everyone is Equal. Equally Poor Criticism:In communism the government controls everything including the media so it can lie, propagandize and control what people see and hear through the media Also, with no competition it doesn’t have to make a good product because there is no other choice – so communist countries are not known for making good products Capitalism Communism (socialism)

30. What kinds of people might like the Communism? • Who would hate communism? • What is bad about capitalism? • What is good about communism? • True or false – rich landlord farmers controlled thousands of acres of land and millions of peasants did not own their own land • Why might landless peasant farmers like the idea of communism? • What could be bad about communism?

31. How do farmers get paid in a capitalistic country? • How would farmers in a communistic country get paid?

32. Stores • Capitalist country • Communist country (Cuba)

37. There was little demand for Russian goods

39. Think of different companies that compete against each other • My example: • What makes each of them try to make a good product

42. 1.What are some problems with communism in general (what sucks about it)? • 2. Think of countries that had communism (USSR, China, Cuba, and North Korea) what are some specific things that sucked about living in those countries under communism? • 3. What happened to writers or vocal people who openly criticized communism or the communist government? • 4. What would happen if a small group of 100 people protested for change in these countries? • 5. What might happen if 100,000 people did a demonstration for change in these countries? • 6. Why did communist governments have a censored controlled media (newspapers, radio, and TV)? • 7. What do you think happened in communist countries where they relaxed censorship and allowed people to watch the news, TV and movies from non-communist countries?

44. Closing Activity: complete these sentences • A gulag in Siberia…. • The Bolsheviks… • Karl Marx… • Communism… • Vladimir Lenin… • Capitalism … • A criticism of Capitalism is …. • In a comunist country the media… • A criticism of Communism is …. • Communism pretty much died because….

45. Vladimir LENIN: leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution brought Communism to Russia - The country then became the Soviet Union

46. Bolshevik slogan“Peace, land and bread”

47. What happened to Lenin’s brother? • What book did Lenin read that influenced him? • Why do you think that he was sent to Siberia? • What year was Tsar Nicolas forced to give up his throne? • Who do you think was fighting in the Russian civil war? • What was Lenin trying to do during his last years? • How long did Lenin rule? • Why do you think communists from around the world respect Lenin?

48. bald 1st dictator of the Soviet Union Ruled for 5 years (1918-1924) Smart and respected by communists Led the overthrow and execution of the Czar Ruled and won the Russian Civil War 1918-1920 Secret police killed thousandsand sent thousands to Siberia Highly respected by communists around the world – thousands of statues – body embalmed and displayed in Moscow hair 2nd dictator ruled 25 years (1928-1953) Tricky, manipulative and feared by all in his country Industrialized and modernized Russia Forced starvation on own people Secret police killed millions sent millions to Siberia Defeated Hitler in W.W.II Some consider him great because he made Russia a world power Others consider him be the most evil man in history LENINSTALIN

49. Finish these sentences • Some people think Stalin was good for Russia because…. • Posters were everywhere in Russia because… • Collectivization is.. • Many farmers were killed under Stalin because… • Many people starved to death under Stalin because… • Stalin’s purges were…