Russia → Soviet Union (USSR)

1. Russia → Soviet Union (USSR) Serra , Avani, Zachi, and Seth

2. Command Economy • Economy where the government is in control of businesses rather then company owners. • Under Stalin’s rule this was the way businesses were owned.

3. Five Year Plan • A goal made by the government to have a specific amount of things done in a matter of five years. • How Stalin got U.S.S.R. so industrialized in so quickly.

4. Great Purge • Imprisoning, executing, and persecuting that Stalin did to mainly government officials (that stood in his way), peasants, and the Red Army leadership

5. Censorship • “an official who examines books, plays, news reports, motion pictures, radio and television programs, letters, cablegrams, etc., for the purpose of suppressing parts deemed objectionable on moral, political, military, or other grounds.” • Stalin censored EVERYTHING!

6. Socialist Realism • A style of art (first has to be approved by the state) that encouraged the life of a worker.

7. Russification • Making anyone who was not Russian but lived in Russia one ethnic group.

8. Atheism • Belief that this is no God.

9. Ukrainian Genocide • Millions of people killed by starvation during 1932-1933 • Also called the Holodomor • Blocked Ukrainians from getting to food causing them to starve.

10. Gulag • A forced labor camp in the Soviet Union. • Many of the people in the camps were political prisoners or prisoners of war. • Treated very harshly. • Poor living conditions

11. Key Leader of Russia During the Interwar Era Stalin “Our victory  means above all that our social system has won... our political system has won.” Joseph Stalin Feb 9, 1946

12. Joseph Stalin Early Life/ Background • Joseph Stalin was born Joseph Vissarionvich Djvugashvili, but later changed his name to Stalin which means “man of steel”. • He was born on December 21, 1879 in Gori, Russia to Ekaterina Georgievna(mother) and Vissarini Ivanovich Djugashvili(father). • When Stalin was younger his mother was very protective of him because he was the last of the four children that his mother had, but was the only one that survived and so she always tried her best to keep him safe since she didn’t want to lose another child. Even though he was the only one to survive, he had health problems. • When Joseph Stalin was 7 years old he got smallpox and even though he his face remained scarred for the rest of his life (which is why the people of Russia didn’t trust him in the beginning and instead wanted Trotsky, a handsome war hero). • Stalin’s father made boots and his mother was a washer and as a child Stalin, like every other peasant in Russia during the 19th century faced poverty.

13. Joseph Stalin Early Life/ Background (contd.) • In later years, Stalin had a family. His first wife was Catherine Svanidzl who died of Tuberculosis in 1907. His second wife was Nadezhada Alliluyeva committed suicide in 1932 (although there is some controversy over that). • Stalin also had children his first was Yakov who died in a German Prison during World War II, his second was Vasily who died in a car accident in 1962, and his last was Svetlana who changed her name to Alliluyeva and emigrated to America (some say that Stalin had more children with his second wife, but had all 10 of them aborted).

14. Stalin's Rise to Power

15. After the Revolution • Lenin was now in charge • However he died Jan 21 1924 before His dream of a communist world could come true. • It allowed a opening for Stalin being General Secretary of the Communist Party to push competition out of the way to take power.

16. Taking Down Trotsky • The biggest opponent to Stalin was Leon Trotsky. His ideas were polar opposite to Stalin's. • Instead of wanting to focus on Russia Trotsky wanted to make a world revolution for communism. • Stalin used his goal against him by saying it would destroy Russia. Stalin also made Trotsky look bad in the public eye by giving him the wrong date for Lenin's funeral.

17. Stalin takes control • With Trotsky and other competition out of the way Stalin got to work making the government economy and citizens under his complete control.

18. Stalin's leadership style • Stalin used cruel tactics to control the people of Russia. • He sent millions to gulags in Siberia were most starved to death. • Stalin was paranoid of everyone around him. He had even his most loyal government advisors and military leaders killed. He is even quoted say “ I don’t trust anyone, not even myself.”

19. DEATH of STALIN Joseph Stalin died on March 5th, 1953; in Moscow, Russia. He died of a cerebrovascular accident. Also known as a stroke.

20. Legacy Under Stalin, the Soviet Union industrialized and urbanized with great speed. The Soviet Union greatly enlarged its territory. Won a war of unprecedented destructiveness, and transformed itself from a relatively backward country into the second most important industrial nation in the world.

21. Postwar Status & Impact on Interwar of the 20’s • Stalin becomes one of the leading members of the party Secretariat; and was appointed its secretary general in 1922. • Civil War ends 1920-1921. • During Lenin's last illness and after he died in 1924, Stalin served as a member of the three-man committee that conducted the affairs of the party and the country. • In 1927, Stalin succeeded in defeating the entire left opposition and in eliminating its leaders from the party.

22. Stalin-Influence Positive or Negative? Pro Con • Better military • U.S.S.R. became the 2nd most industrialized country in the world • Resulted in the death of more then 5 to 8 million people • Ordered many deportations • Forced people into labor camps that were brutal and filthy

23. ….In The Middle While Stalin did build up The U.S.S.R., he killed millions of People.

24. Postwar Status 30’s • The Non-Aggression Pact led to Hitler and Stalin creating an agreement that said Russia would provide food and raw materials to Germany in exchange for German furnished products and machinery. • The Great Purge- Stalin wanted to take down anyone who disagreed with him or was not willing to join him. • The Five Year plan was introduced to increase industrialization

25. Influence Positive or Negative? Pro Con • Established an economic system • Created the “Five Year Plan” • Killed many people through purges • People were forced to write about him in the arts • Assassinated anyone who didn’t agree with him or the people liked better

26. Again…In the Middle Stalin did industrialize the U.S.S.R. But he made those living in it miserable.

27. Stalin Review!!!!

28. Trivia • Stalin was born in 1879. • Stalin was a dictator. • Under Stalin the Soviet Union went from the backward country to the second most powerful in the world. • Stalin died in 1953. • In 1922, Stalin was appointed to another such post, as General Secretary of the Communist Party's Central Committee.

29. More Trivia… • Stalin was a huge supporter of Lenin. • Stalin died of cerebrovascular accident also known as a stroke. • Stalin made a Non- Aggression Pact with Hitler. • Stalin had an unfortunate childhood. • Under Stalin the Soviet Union’s economy boomed.

30. Work Cited • "Joseph Stalin : Biography." Spartacus Educational - Home Page. Spartacus Educational. Web. 23 Mar. 2011. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSstalin.htm>. • "Joseph Stalin." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2011. • "Biography." Joseph Stalin. Web. 23 Mar. 2011. <http://www.cbv.ns.ca/dictator/Stalin.html>. • MacKinnon, Elaine. "Joseph Stalin." Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2011. • http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/censor