1 / 18

Syntactic Devices

Syntactic Devices. Faizal Risdianto www.stainsalatiga.ac.id. what’s syntactic devices?. Syntactic devices are tools which show the relationship of a single word to another. Kinds of syntactic devices. 1. word order 2. function words and content words 3. subtitution

rowa
Download Presentation

Syntactic Devices

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Syntactic Devices Faizal Risdianto www.stainsalatiga.ac.id

  2. what’s syntactic devices? • Syntactic devices are tools which show the relationship of a single word to another.

  3. Kinds of syntactic devices • 1. word order • 2. function words and content words • 3. subtitution • 4. concord and government • 5.coordination or conjoining • 6.subordination or embedding • 7. endocentric and exocentric

  4. 1. Word order • This is the most widely used or the most frequently used in English. Indeed the different word order of two sentences will have different meaning eventhough they both have the same word input. • For instance: • The Spider frightened Aunt Matilda. • Aunt Matilda frightened the spider. • The tigers killed the hunter. • The hunter killed the tigers.

  5. Another instance: • The men eat (right construction) • * men the eat (wrong construction) • Agla station Karkarduma hai (right hindi sentence) • (next) (is) • *Agla station hai Karkaduma (wrong sentence). • Mera naam Faizal hai (right) • Mera naam hai Faizal (wrong)

  6. The essential basis of syntax: words cannot be put together in just any order.

  7. 2. Function and content words • Content words: nouns, verbs, adjective and adverb • Verb closely related to adverb • And noun closely related to adjective • Function words: auxiliaries, conjuctions, determiners, interjections, postpositions, prepositions and relatives.

  8. Pre,post and circumpositions • Preposition: on the ground, in the city, at my place • Postposition: sixty years ago, the whole night through, his claim notwitstanding (still,yet, all the same). • Circumposition: from now on

  9. 3. subtitution/pro-N • It is called “pro-forms”. It functions for the replacement of the previous entity. • For instance in Noun c ases: • I like this tie better than “I like” that one • I like this tie better than Ø that one. • I like this better than that. • John likes cream- He likes cream- He likes it. • This, that, one, ones, the former, the latter etc.

  10. Instances in verb cases: (modals and aux) • He likes coffee and she does too. (the use of “do”) • He’ll take coffee and so will she .( the use of “will”/modals). • You’ll go, won’t you? • He went, didn’t he? • If I went, would you? • Will you go? I’d like to ( the “to” for substitution).

  11. 4. Concord and government • concord means “agreement in form of one word with another”. • This tie, these ties, one short story, two short stories • I eat • He eats • Smoking kills

  12. Government means “the determination of one form by another”. The use of this particularly can be seen on the use of verbs and prepositions. • He saw her • *He saw see. • My heart and your heart/My and your heart/our heart • *I heart and you heart/ *We heart • I give it to her • *I give it her/ *I give it to she

  13. 5. coordination/conjoining • It is too wordy to say “ john takes cream and John takes sugar”. It is better to say “John takes cream and sugar” or we may conjoin it by differing subjects or verbs • John and marry take cream and sugar • John takes and enjoys cream

  14. 6.Subordination/embedding • This is in opposition to the function of coordination or conjoining. It gives additional and attacment function to the sentence. • It can be seen by its English relatives and subordianting conjuctions • “John who likes sugar” (attribute/modifier) • “When john drinks coffee” ( attribute/modifier) • Both clauses need the head of the construction.

  15. 7. Endocentric+exocentric • A construction is a relationship between constituents.Constructions are divided into 2types: • Endocentricandexocentricconstructions. • Endocentricconstruction is one whosedistribution isfunctionallyequivalentto that of one or more of itsconstituents. A word or a group of words acts as adefinable center or head.  • Exocentric •  construction refers to a group of syntacticallyrelated wordswhere none of the words is functionallyequivalent to the group as a whole. There is no definablecenter or head inside the group.

  16. Endocentric construction • Some types of phrase contain a HEADword and have the same formal function in their clause as the single head would: • Too extremely dreadful (The story was too extremely dreadful) • Moresurprisinglydifferent(His story was more surprisingly different) • Shewho must be obeyed.

  17. Endocentric construction • Containing no element that is functionally equivalentto the whole structure (non-headedorunheaded) • Some phrases are always exocentric • The boy stoodon the burning deck. • Who was the manin the iron mask ? • A basic English sentence (consisting of subject and predicate) is always exocentric, since neither part canstand for the whole: • The boy / stood on the burning deck.

  18. Bahut shukriya • Terima Kasih • www.pakfaizal.com • www.faizal.staff.stainsalatiga.ac.id

More Related