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2.4.1-.2 Biomes

2.4.1-.2 Biomes. BIOME is the collection of ecosystems sharing similar climatic conditions. Uneven Solar Heating and Latitude.

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2.4.1-.2 Biomes

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  1. 2.4.1-.2 Biomes

  2. BIOMEis the collection of ecosystems sharing similar climatic conditions.

  3. Uneven Solar Heating and Latitude Earth as a whole is in thermal equilibrium, but different latitudes are not. Moving masses of air and ocean currents transport energy from locations with a surplus to those with a deficit.

  4. Cell 3 North Cold, dry air falls Moist air rises — rain Polar cap Cell 2 North Arctic tundra Evergreen coniferous forest 60° Cool, dry air falls Temperate deciduous forest and grassland Cell 1 North Desert 30° Moist air rises, cools, and releases moisture as rain Tropical deciduous forest Tropical rain forest 0° Equator Tropical deciduous forest 30° Cell 1 South Desert Temperate deciduous forest and grassland Cool, dry air falls 60° Cell 2 South Polar cap Cold, dry air falls Moist air rises — rain Cell 3 South Model of global air circulation and biomes. The direction of air flow and the ascent and descent of air masses in convection cells determine the earth’s climatic zones.

  5. Altitude Mountain Ice and snow Tundra (herbs, lichens, mosses) Coniferous Forest Latitude Deciduous Forest Tropical Forest Tropical Forest Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest Tundra (herbs, lichens, mosses) Polar ice and snow Generalized effects of altitude and latitude on climate and biomes. Parallel changes in vegetation occur when moving from the Equator to the poles or from the lowlands to mountaintops.

  6. Polar desert (northwest China) Tropical desert (Saudi Arabia) DESERT BIOMES

  7. Tropical grassland (savanna) (Harare, Zimbabwe) Polar grassland (arctic tundra) (Fort Yukon, Alaska) GRASSLAND BIOMES

  8. Tropical rain forest (Manaus, Brazil) Temperate deciduous forest (Nashville, Tennessee) FOREST BIOMES

  9. AQUATIC BIOMES Ocean Coral reefs Rivers Lakes Mangroves

  10. Depth in meters High tide Sun Low tide Coastal Zone Open Sea Sea level 0 50 Euphotic Zone Photosynthesis 100 Estuarine Zone Continental shelf 200 500 Bathyal Zone Twilight 1,000 1,500 2,000 Abyssal Zone 3,000 Darkness 4,000 5,000 10,000

  11. DIVERSITY is a generic term for heterogeneity. If may refer to: • Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics of a specific species. • Habitat diversity is the diversity of habitats in a given unit area. • Species diversity • Species richness – total number of species. • Species evenness – relative abundance of each species. • Species dominance – the most abundant species.

  12. Figure a and b have the same species richness, but different species evenness.

  13. Changes in the distribution of animals with elevation on a typical mountain in Kenya.

  14. Change in the relative abundance of a species over an area or a distance is referred to as an ecological gradient.

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