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England

England. Why did England wait until the 1600s to create colonies?. Preoccupied with leadership crisis after the death of King Henry VIII in 1547. Queen Elizabeth I.

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England

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  1. England

  2. Why did England wait until the 1600s to create colonies? • Preoccupied with leadership crisis after the death of King Henry VIII in 1547

  3. Queen Elizabeth I “Then shall her Majesty’s dominions be enlarged, all odious idleness from our realm utterly banished, dives decayed towns repaired, and the ignorant and barbarian idolators taught to know Christ.” --Sir George Peckham, 1582

  4. 1497 = John Cabot sails from England • 1500s = England was a minor power in Europe • English doubted the value of North America • 1558 – 1603 = Queen Elizabeth’s attitude changed

  5. Henry the VIII • Henry 7th builds alliance with Spain by marrying son Arthur with Spain’s Catherine of Aragon • Henry VIII marries Catherine afterArthur died

  6. The English Reformation • 1517 = Protestant Reformation , Martin Luther & 95 Theses • Catherine had no male heirs • Anne Boleyn • Henry VIII formed Protestant Church of England (Anglican Church)

  7. Henry VIII’s Heirs • 1547 – 1553 = Young King Edward • 1553 – 1558 = “Bloody Mary” returns England to Catholicism • Protestantspersecuted under “Bloody Mary” • 1558 – 1603 = Elizabeth restores England to Protestantism

  8. Religious Motivations • Reformation made England see Spain as a threat • 1584 = Hakluyt convinces Elizabeth to colonize North America to “free Indians from Spain”

  9. Ireland • Large Catholic population persecuted by English military conquest • English settlers brought to Ireland • Irish drawn as barbarians • Similarities to American settlement Eviction of Catholic tenants in Ireland

  10. The Social Crisis • 1500s = Overpopulation in England • 1550 = 3 million people • 1600 = 4 million people • Less people growing food • “Enclosure” movement • End of 1600s = ½ of England lived in poverty William Hogarth, Gin Lane

  11. What did English Farmers Think? • 1500s = Europe experiences inflation • Primogeniture • Opportunity to start a new farm in America

  12. America: Land of Opportunity “Every man may be the master and owner of his own labor an land.” --John Smith from Virginia, 1607

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