FOWLER CHAPTER 1 LECTURE 2 BASIC CONCEPTS

1. FOWLER CHAPTER 1LECTURE 2 BASIC CONCEPTS

2. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION (powers of ten) SEE TABLE 2-1, P33 EXPONENT ANY NUMBER CAN BE EXPRESSED AS BASE (CAN BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE) + OR - OTHER BASES AND EXPONENTS

3. ANY NUMBER RAISED TO THE ZEROTH POWER IS EQUAL TO ZERO EXAMPLES: 10 WRITE 1000 IN SCIENTIFIC NOTATION 1000 WRITE AS 1 FOLLOWED BY 3 ZERO’S ANY NUMBER >0 CAN BE EXPRESSED THIS WAY. EXAMPLE: 1,237 CAN BE EXPRESSED AS 1.237X10³ COUNT THE NUMBER OF DECIMAL PLACES TO THE RIGHT OF THE FIRST DIGIT THEN PLACE THE DECIMAL PT. AFTER THE FIRST DIGIT. 1.237 1.237 THE NUMBER OF DECIMAL PLACES TO THE RIGHT OF THE FIRST DIGIT IS THE EXPONENT EXPRESSED AS THE POWER OF TEN, IN THIS CASE IT IS 3 1,237 =1.237X10³

4. FOR NEGATIVE EXPONENTS(ANY NUMBER <0) FOLLOW THE PROCEDURE ON THE PRIOR SLIDE, BUT IN THE REVERSE DIRECTION. EXAMPLES: 10־¹ =0.1 10־² =0.01 10־³ =0.001 HERE WE COUNT DECEMICAL PLACES TO THE LEFT INSTEAD OF THE RIGHT. EXAMPLE: 10־³ =0.001 0.001= 10־³ COUNT 3 PLACE TO THE LEFT. FROM OUR LAST EXAMPLE LET’S WRITE 0.001237 IN S. N. COUNT FROM THE FIRST DIGIT TO THE LEFT. .001237 -3 IS THE EXPONENT FOR THIS POWER OF TEN. SO .001237= 1.237X10־³ 1,237 CAN ASLO BE EXPRESSED AS 12.37X10²=1,237 OR 123.7X10¹=1,237 DEPENDING ON WERE THE DECIMAL PT. IS PLACED, BOTH RESULTS GIVE THE NUMBER. .001237 CAN ASLO BE EXPRESSED AS 1.237X10־³= .001237 OR 0.1237X10־²= .001237 DEPENDING ON WHERE THE DECIMAL PT. IS PLACED, BOTH RESULTS GIVE THE NUMBER.

5. ENGINEERING NOTATION IN THIS SYSTEM POWERS OF TEN ARE ALWAYS MULTIPIES OF 3 …ETC. OR EXAMPLE: EXPRESS 27000 IN S.N. AND E.N. S.N. E.N.

7. METRIC PREFIXES TABLE 2-2, P. 35

8. (ENGINEERING NOTATION) POWER OF TEN

9. ELECTRICAL UNITS AND SYMBOLS TABLE 2-3 P.37 QUANTITY UNIT SYMBOL CURRENT AMPERE(A) I VOLTAGE VOLT(V) V RESISTANCE OHM(Ω) R FREQUENCY HERTZ(Hz) f CAPACITANCE FARAD(F) C INDUCTANCE HENERY(H) L POWER WATTS(W) P

10. EXAMPLES : USES OF ENGINEERING NOTATION (E.N.) 1,000,000Ω = = 1MΩ 27,340Ω = =27.34X10³Ω =27.43KΩ IN E.N. OR .0274MΩ OR O.OOO274GΩ 0.000546Ω =.546X10־³ Ω = .546mΩ =546uΩ =546000nΩ

11. QUICK MATH REVIEW 4 OPERATES IN ALL OF MATHEMATICS ADDITION SUBTRACTION MULTIPICATION DIVISION DIVISION AND MULTIPICATION CAN BE DERIVATED FROM ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION. MULTIPICATION IS A SERIES OF REPEATED ADDITIONS EXAMPLE: 2X4=8 OR 2+2+2+2=8 DIVISION IS A SERIES OF REPEATED SUBTRACTIONS EXAMPLE:

12. SIMPLE ALGEBRA ANY QUANTITY ON BOTH SIDES OF AN EQUATION ARE EQUAL. EXAMPLES V=V EXAMPLES I=I R=R ADDITION V+V=2V 1+1=2 SUBTRACTION V-V=0 1-1=0 2V-V=V

13. A+B=C ANY QUANTITY CAN BE ADDED OR SUBTRACTED TO BOTH SIDES OF ANY EQUATION. GIVEN A+B=C SOLVE FOR A SINCE -B=- B, ADD THIS TO BOTH SIDES OF THE EQUATION. A+B-B=C-B SINCE B-B=0 A+0=C-B A=C-B SOLVE FOR B A+B=C ADD –A TO BOTH SIDES. A+B-A=C-A B+A-A=C-A B+0=C-A B=C-A

14. LAWS OF EXPONENTS V CAN ALSO BE EXPRESSED AS V¹, SO V=V¹ ANY QUANTITY DIVIDED BY ITSELF= 1 SINCE 1/V=1/V V=V V(1/V) =V(1/V) V(1/V) =V(1/V) 1=1 1/V CAN BE WRITTEN AS V־¹ 1/V=V־¹ OR

15. V/V = 1 OR V¹/V¹ =V¹־¹ =Vº =1 EXAMPLE: V²/V =V²/V¹ = V²־¹ =V¹ =V OR VxV/V = VxV/V =V EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: OR

16. OR EXAMPLE:

17. SQUARE ROOTS WE CAN RAISE A BASE NUMBER TO ANY POWER 8² =64 LETS REVERSE THIS PROCESS FIND IS DEFINED AS A RADIAL SIGN ANOTHER WAY OF SHOWING THE SAME THING INDEX INDEX: HOW MANY TIMES WAS THIS NUMBER X MULTILED BY ITSELF TO GET 64

18. ANOTHER WAY TO EXPRESS THIS EXAMPLE:

19. OHM’S LAW R IS A PROPORTIONIALITY CONSTANT THE PRODUCT IR CAN BE WRITTEN SEVERAL WAYS

20. V=IR SOLVE FOR I MULTIPLIE BOTH SIDES BY 1/R (1/R)V=IR(1/R) V/R=IR/R V/R=I R/R V/R=I(1) V/R=I OR I=V/R

21. HOW CAN WE INCREASE I ONE WAY IS TO INCREASE V OR DECREASE R I ISINVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO R. AS R ↓, I↑ IF WE WANT TO DECREASE I, ↑R I IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO 1/R. AS R↑, I↓

22. OHM’S LAW CIRCLE AND TRIANGLE

23. TRIANGLE FOR THE POWER EQUATION

25. POWER,CURRENT, RESISTANCE, VOLTAGE WHEEL ANY VARIABLE ON THE POWER WHEEL CAN BE FOUND USING THE FOLLOWING TWO EQUATIONS. 1. V=IR 2. P=IV EXAMPLE: P=V²/R WHERE DID THIS COME FROM? SOLVE EQ. 1. FOR I V=IR V/R=IR/R I=V/R SUBSITUTE I=V/R INTO EQ. 2 P=IV P=(V/R)V =V²/R P=V²/R

27. DERIVE P=I²R FROM EQUATIONS 1. AND 2. P=IV SUB. FOR V=IR IN P=IV P=I(IR) P=I²R ONE MORE TO TORTURE YOU!!! SOLVE SUB. FOR I=V/R

28. APPLE APP ANDRIOD APP

29. JOULE: UNIT OF ENERGY,TOO SMALL FOR PRACTICAL USE. WATTS ARE USED INSTEAD, MORE ON THIS LATER. P-2 There are two types of energy: potential or stored energy, and kinetic or energy in motion. Potential energy is stored, or latent. Energy can be stored in many ways Kinetic energy is actual energy in motion. Moving water, wind, and solar radiation are examples of kinetic energy.

31. BARBELLS WITH P.E. UNTIL ITS DROPED WRECKING BALL WITH HUGH AMOUNT OF K.E.

32. WORK IS FORCE MOVING THRU A DISTANCE

34. P-4 FOR 100%EFFICIENCY, Pout =Pin, NOT POSSIBLE!! VIOLATES THE LAWS OF THEMODYNAMICS

36. MIL= ONE THOUSANDTH OF AN INCH CIRCULAR MIL=TO THE AREA OF A CIRCLE WITH A DIAMETER OF ONE MIL.

37. P-6 ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF COPPER ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF ALUMINUM Copper: The Miracle Metal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSVI5l-MbMQ&list=UU2bkHVIDjXS7sgrgjFtzOXQ

38. ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF SILVER ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF GOLD

39. P-8 ELECTRIC FIELD LINES AROUND POINT CHARGES LIKE CHARGES REPEL UNLIKE CHARGES ATTRACT

40. CREATION OF SODIUM CHOLRIDE ION (SALT)

41. STATIC ELECTRICITY

42. ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR DUST PARTICLES IN NEGATIVE CHARGE PLACED ON DUST BY GRID DUST REMOVED FROM AIR BY ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION WITH THE POSITIVELY CHARGED PLATES Electrostatic Precipitator System Working.avi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0tDieiia_c