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Barry Bonds Case Study. By: JP Campos, Mauro Bengzon and Rafa Squillantini. Reasons for doping. Physical Reasons. To increase strength To increase endurance To improve physique
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Barry Bonds Case Study By: JP Campos, Mauro Bengzon and RafaSquillantini
Physical Reasons • To increase strength • To increase endurance • To improve physique • Bonds was never a very muscular player. Although extremely skilled and speedy, he lacked the brute strength and sheer muscular power that many of his contemporaries possessed. • “You know me, I’m 39 years old. I’m dealing with pain. All I want is pain relief, you know? And you know, to recover, you know, night games to day games. That’s it. And I didn’t think the stuff worked. I was like, ‘Dude, whatever,’ but he was my friend. “… If it’s a steroid, it’s not working,” he told the grand jury.- Interview ESPN “Outside the Beltway”
Psychological Reasons • To decrease fatigue and anxiety • To cope with stress • To protect self-esteem • Towards the end of his career, Bonds was experiencing pressure to break the career home run records of Hank Aaron, Babe Ruth, and Willie Mays. Feeling intense pressure from the media and baseball fans, Bonds likely cracked and took steroids because he wanted to protect his image and not come up short in this historic chase for a prestigious baseball record.
Social Reasons • To feel the need to belong (human beings are social animals) • To be like other athletes • Connected to the psychological need to belong and not let baseball fans down, Bonds probably thought steroids because he wanted to be admired and revered like all of the other baseball players who hit lots of home runs. He felt that without steroids, the chances of achieving this kind of success was minimal. • ”On the West Coast, Barry Bonds was astounded and aggrieved by the outpouring of hero worship for McGwire, a hitter whom he regarded as obviously inferior to himself.” - From the book entitled “Game of Shadows” written by Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams
Game Theory (Axelrod, 1984) • The classic technique involved presenting a situation regarding options open to two prisoners. Respondents are asked to evaluate the situation from each prisoner’s perspective. In the end it seems there is a win-win situation for both if they confess • This same theory can be applied to Bonds’ case. Major League Baseball prohibits drug use but the drugs are effective, very difficult to detect, and if not detected the payoffs are very great. If the drugs aren’t used, then the players aren’t competitive. Bonds probably weighed out these measures and realized that if other baseball players were already taking drugs, then he must take the drugs as well just to stay competitive.
Social Identity Theory • Younger athletes may well learn from more experienced/ accomplished athletes that drugs are worthwhile (Anshel (1998) and Newman (1981). • So why do athletes use drugs if there are negative consequences?
Achievement Goal Theory • There are two different motivations that account for how people interpret what success in sport means. • Task orientation (who pursue mastery) • Egoorientation (who focus on their performance in comparison to others). • Bonds wanted to achieve both forms of success
Physical effects • Shrinking testicles • Back acne • Scalp hair falling out • Chest hair turning gray
Psychological Effects • Verbally abusive • ‘Roid rage • “She also discussed how Bonds became verbally abusive and said that his physique changed, offering a lurid description of his shrinking testicles, back acne, scalp hair that fell out and chest hair that turned gray.” - ESPN article referring to Bonds’ ex-mistress who testified to these physical changes that he was experiencing
Triangulation: News Reports ”BALCO tracked Bonds' usage with doping calendars and folders -- detailing drugs, quantities, intervals and Bonds' testosterone levels -- that wound up in the hands of federal agents upon their Sept. 3, 2003 raid of the Burlingame, Calif., business.” - Sports Illustrated report
Triangulation: Interviews • [Referring to the steroids] “It was in the ballpark … in front of everybody,” Bonds testified. “I mean, all the reporters, my teammates. I mean, they all saw it. I didn’t hide it.” However, Bonds testified that the products didn’t help ease his suffering, and eventually he stopped using them. “And I was like, to me, it didn’t even work,” he said.
Triangulation: Governing body of sport (MLB) • ”When Bonds broke Mark McGwire's single-season home-run record (70) by belting 73, Bonds was using two designer steroids referred to as the Cream and the Clear, as well as insulin, human growth hormone, testosterone decanoate (a fast-acting steroid known as Mexican beans) and trenbolone, a steroid created to improve the muscle quality of cattle.” - From the book entitled “Game of Shadows” written by Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams
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