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“Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success.”

“Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success.” ~ Henry Ford. Why are we talking about these topics today?. According to most adult training experts, adults have 4 basic training needs:

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“Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success.”

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  1. “Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success.” ~ Henry Ford NUTSEA 2009

  2. Why are we talking about these topics today? • According to most adult training experts, adults have 4 basic training needs: • Need to know why they are learning a particular topic or skill, because the need to apply learning to immediate, real-life challenges • Have experience that they apply to all new learning • Need to be in control of their learning • Want to learn things that will make them more effective and successful NUTSEA 2009

  3. Objectives: • Who’s who? • Regulations, Standards, & Codes • Definitions • Clothing Elements • Work Zone Facts & Stats • ASNI Standard – Hi-Vis Clothing • Summary NUTSEA 2009

  4. Who’s who? • Regulators / Standards: • EEI, OSHA, NESC, ASTM, NFPA70E • Component Manufacturers: • Zippers, buttons, lining materials, etc. • Fabric Suppliers: • Itex (Banwear® ), Westex (Ultra-Soft® ), ITI (EMC® ), Dupont (Nomex® ), Kermel®, etc. • Manufacturers: • Actionwear, Walls Industries, Bulwark, Workrite, Carhartt, etc. • Distributors/Industrial Launder: • Amaril Uniform, Buy Direct, Tyndale, G and K, Cintas, etc. NUTSEA 2009

  5. Regulations, Standards, & Codes • OSHA 1910.269 • National Electric Safety Code • (NESC 2007) • OSHA 1910.302, Sub Part S • ASTM F1959 • ASTM F1506 • National Fire Protection Agency • (NFPA 70E) • National Electric Code (NEC) NUTSEA 2009

  6. OSHA 1910.269 • OSHA 1910.269, Sub Part I • 1910.269 (l)(6) • “Apparel.” • 1910.269 (l)(6)(ii) • The employer shall train each employee who is exposed to the hazards of flames or electric arc in the hazards involved. NUTSEA 2009

  7. OSHA 1910.269 (cont.) 1910.269 (l)(6)(iii) • The employer shall ensure that each employee who is exposed to the hazards of flames or electric arcs does not wear clothing that, when exposed to flames or electric arcs, could increase the extent of the injury that would be sustained by the employee. NUTSEA 2009

  8. OSHA 1910.269 (cont.) 1910.269 (l)(6)(iii) • Note: clothing made from the following types of fabrics, either alone or in blends, is prohibited by this paragraph, unless the employer can demonstrate that the fabric has been treated to withstand the conditions that may be encountered or that the clothing is worn in such a manner as to eliminate the hazard involved: acetate, nylon, polyester, rayon. NUTSEA 2009

  9. National Electric Safety Code • Single most important document for safeguarding persons against electrical hazards during the installation, operation and maintenance of electric supply and communication lines. • It contains extensive updates and critical revisions that directly impact the power utility industry. • Adopted by law by the majority of states and Public Service Commissions across the US • NESC is a performance code considered to be the authoritative source on good electrical engineering practice, for over 90 years. NUTSEA 2009

  10. NESC 2007 • Abstract: “. . . Basic provisions for safeguarding of persons from hazards arising from the installation, operations, or maintenance of (1) conductors and equipment in electric supply stations, and (2) overhead and underground electric supply and communications lines. It also includes work rules for the construction, maintenance, and operation of electric supply and communication lines and equipment.” NUTSEA 2009

  11. NESC 2007 (cont.) • “The standard is applicable to the systems and equipment operated by utilities, or similar systems and equipment, of an industrial establishment or complex under the control of qualified persons.” NUTSEA 2009

  12. NESC 2007 (cont.) • Effective January 1, 2009 • “The employer shall ensure that an assessment is performed to determine potential exposure to an electric arc for employees who work on or near energized parts or equipment. …the employer shall require employees to wear clothing or a clothing system that has an effective arc rating not less than the anticipated level of arc energy.” NUTSEA 2009

  13. ASTM F 1959 • Standard on Electrical ProtectiveEquipment for Workers • F1959 = Standard Test Method for Determining the Arc Rating of Materials for Clothing NUTSEA 2009

  14. ASTM F 1506 • F1506 = Standard Performance Specification for Flame Resistant Textile Materials for Wearing Apparel for Use by Electrical Workers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal Hazards • Key Sections include: • 4. Significance and Use • 5. Materials and Manufacture • 6. Requirements (labeling) NUTSEA 2009

  15. ASTM F 1506 (cont.) • 6. Requirements (labeling) • 6.3 Garments shall be labeled with the following information: • 6.3.1 Tracking identification code system. • 6.3.2 Meets requirements of Performance Specification F 1506 • 6.3.3 Manufacturer’s name • 6.3.4 Size and other associated standard labeling, • 6.3.5 Care instructions and fiber content, and • 6.3.6 Arc rating (ATPV) or arc rating (EBT) NUTSEA 2009

  16. Definitions • Arc Thermal Protection Value (ATPV) • In arc testing, the incident energy on a fabric or material that results in sufficient heat transfer through the fabric or material to cause one onset of 2nd degree burn based on the Stoll curve. • When the arc rating represents the ATPV it is indicated as arc rating ATPV. • ASTM F1506 – Section 3., Terminology NUTSEA 2009

  17. Definitions (cont.) • Breakopen Threshold Energy = EBT • The average of the five highest E1 values that did not cause specimen breakopen and did not cause sensor temperature rise to exceed the Stoll curve. • When the ATPV of the material cannot be determined due to breakopen, the arc rating is determined by measuring the EBT according to Test Method ASTM F1959. • When representing Breakopen Threshold Energy, it is indicated as arc rating EBT. • ASTM F1506 – Section 3., Terminology NUTSEA 2009

  18. OSHA 1910.302, Sub Part S • Electrical Standard 1910.302-1910.308 ~ Focusing on the Design and Installation of Electric Equipment • After August 13, 2007 the revised Electrical Installation Standard will be effective. • OSHA can site the “general industry” using the NFPA 70E consensus standard. NUTSEA 2009

  19. OSHA 1910.302, Sub Part S • EXEMPTION FROM THE NEW STANDARD:Installations under the exclusive control of electric utilities for the purpose of communication or metering; or for the generation, control, transformation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy. NUTSEA 2009

  20. NFPA 70E (not-covered) • (3) Installations of railways for generation, transformation, transmission, or distribution of power used exclusively for operation of rolling stock or installations used exclusively for signaling and communications purposes • (4) Installations of communications equipment under the exclusive control of communications utilities located outdoors or in building spaces used exclusively for such installations NUTSEA 2009

  21. NFPA 70E (not-covered) • (5) Installations under the exclusive control of an electric utility where such installations: • a. Consist of service drops or service laterals, and associated metering, • b. Are located in legally established easements or rights-of-way designated by or recognized by public service commissions, utility commissions, or other regulatory agencies having jurisdiction for such installations • c. Are on property owned or leased by the electric utility for the purpose of communications, metering, generation, control, transformation, transmission, or distribution of electric energy. NUTSEA 2009

  22. Hazard Risk Categories(HRC) • Defined in NFPA 70E 2009 Edition • Fabrics must meet ASTM F1506 • HRC 0 • HRC 1 – min Arc rating of 4 (note 1) • HRC 2 – min Arc rating of 8 (note 1) • HRC 2* – min Arc rating of 8 (note 1) • HRC 3 – min Arc rating of 25 (note 1) • HRC 4 – min Arc rating of 40 (note 1) NUTSEA 2009

  23. National Electric Code(NEC) • “(2) the NEC is intended for the use primarily by those who design, install and inspect electrical installations. OSHA’s electrical regulations address the employer and employee in their workplace. The technical content and complexity of the NEC is extremely difficult for the average employer and employee to understand.” • “(3) Some of the detailed provisions within the NEC are not directly related to employees safety and therefore are of little value for OSHA’s needs.”Forward to NFPA 70E, Page 70E-1 NUTSEA 2009

  24. “Accidents happen!! The severity can be reduced, when the right clothing is chosen! NUTSEA 2009

  25. What FR clothing isNOT! NUTSEA 2009

  26. What FR Clothing IS! • Clothing made from fabrics that self-extinguish • Fabrics may be natural or synthetic • Designed to limit (not eliminate) burn injury • Survival, extent of injury, recovery time and quality of life are all dependent on FR clothing performance NUTSEA 2009

  27. Engineered FR Fabrics • Natural fibers • Synthetic fibers • Natural/synthetic blends • Flame resistance must be durable to launderings, wear, environment, etc. for the service life of the garment • Look for proven products! • Look for patented products! • Get the proof – ask for testing of fabrics! NUTSEA 2009

  28. Why is FR Needed? • Most severe burn injuries and fatalities are caused by non-flame resistant clothing igniting and continuing to burn • Flame resistant clothing will self-extinguish, thus reducing or better, limiting the injury • Body area under non-FR clothing is often burned more severely than exposed skin NUTSEA 2009

  29. How to save $$$? • No need to re-create the wheel – leverage experiences from others in the industry. . . • Know what you are buying and where from! • Who’s making the decisions for clothing? • Purchase “inventoried” garments - avoid custom garments. NUTSEA 2009

  30. Clothing Elements • Why the big deal with the fabric? • The fabric is the SAFETY technology of the garment, if the fabric fails. . . • Some fabrics perform well in the open while others perform poorly in confined spaces. • Suppression blankets can be very helpful IF when made of the right fabric & hung properly. NUTSEA 2009

  31. Clothing Elements (cont.) • Product turn-a-round, how long to wait for it? • Fabric options “FR Buffet” • Garment options • Competitive pricing • HELP – who to contact when help is needed? NUTSEA 2009

  32. “Making good decisions is a crucial skill at every level.” ~ Peter Drucker NUTSEA 2009

  33. Work Zone Facts & Stats • Congestion on our roads is growing. Vehicle miles of travel are growing at a greater rate than miles of roadway. • Between 1985 and 2006, vehicle miles traveled increased by nearly 100 percent, while highway lane miles only increased 5 percent during the same period. • U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Our Nation’s Highways 2008, Publication No. FHWA-PL-08-021 Washington D.C., 2008. NUTSEA 2009

  34. Work Zone Facts & Stats (cont.) • Work zone activity is significant • An average of 23,745 miles of roadway had federal aid roadway improvement projects underway per year from 1997 to 2001. • U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, 2001, Publication No. FHWA-PL-02-020. Washington D.C., 2001. NUTSEA 2009

  35. Work Zone Facts & Stats (cont.) • Work zone activity is increasing. Many of our highways are approaching middle age and need repair, which means more work zones: • Much of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways is more than 30 years old. • U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, "Work Zones That Work," Public Roads, November/December 2004. NUTSEA 2009

  36. Work Zone Facts & Stats (cont.) • The majority of road work takes place on existing roads already carrying traffic: • In the year 2004, 79 percent of highway capital expenditures were allocated to system preservation (51.8 percent), expansion (18.3 percent), and enhancement (9 percent), all improvements that involve active work zones on existing roads with traffic present. • U.S. Department of Transportation, 2006 Status of the Nation’s Highways, Bridges, and Transit: Conditions & Performance, Report to Congress. Washington, D.C., 2006. NUTSEA 2009

  37. Work Zone Facts & Stats (cont.) • Work zones cause delay, often on already congested roads: • Work zones on freeways are estimated to account for nearly 24 percent of non-recurring delay. A combination of recent studies indicate that approximately 50 percent of all highway congestion is attributed to non-recurring conditions, such as traffic incidents, weather, work zones, and special events. • U.S. Department of Energy, Temporary Losses of Highway Capacity and Impacts on Performance, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL/TM-2002/3). May 2002. NUTSEA 2009

  38. Work Zone Facts & Stats (cont.) • Motorists and workers are increasingly exposed to work zones: • Motorists encountered an active work zone one out of every 100 miles driven on the NHS, representing over 12 billion hours of vehicle exposure to work zones during 2001. Motorists experienced a lane closure every 200 miles driven on the NHS in 2001, representing slightly more than 6 billion miles of vehicle travel through work zones nationally. • U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Characteristics of Today's Work Zones, presentation at TRB Annual Meeting by Gerald Ullman (Texas Transportation Institute) on preliminary study results. Washington, D.C., January 2004. NUTSEA 2009

  39. Work Zone Facts & Stats (cont.) • Work zone safetycontinues to be a concern: • In 2008, 720 fatalities resulted from motor vehicle crashes in work zones. This is a 14 percent decrease from 2007 (835 fatalities), 28 percent decrease from 2006 (1,004 fatalities), and a 33 percent decrease from 2005 (1,074 fatalities). • National Work Zone Safety Information Clearinghouse Work Zone Fatalities, http:www.workzonesafety.org/crash_data, based on information from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). NUTSEA 2009

  40. Work Zone Facts & Stats (cont.) CAUTION!!!! • Road users are frustrated with work zones: • A survey done in 2000 for FHWA identified several issues the public has with work zones: • 32 percent of the respondents indicted dissatisfaction with work zones, the second highest rate of dissatisfaction among the attributes of major highways. • U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Moving Ahead: The American Public Speaks on Roadways and Transportation Communities. FHWA-OP-01-017. Washington, D.C., 2001. NUTSEA 2009

  41. Work Zone Facts & Stats (cont.) • Night work is increasingly being used to manage work zone delay and reduce exposure of workers and motorists: • 53 percent of work zones are designated as day work, 22 percent as night work, and 18 percent are active all day or nearly all day (18 or more hours). • U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, A Snapshot of Peak Summer Work Zone Activity Reported on State Road Closure and Construction Websites. Washington, D.C., August 2002. NUTSEA 2009

  42. Work Zone Facts & Stats (cont.) • Night work is increasingly being used to manage work zone delay and reduce exposure of workers and motorists: • 53 percent of work zones are designated as day work, 22 percent as night work, and 18 percent are active all day or nearly all day (18 or more hours). • U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, A Snapshot of Peak Summer Work Zone Activity Reported on State Road Closure and Construction Websites. Washington, D.C., August 2002. NUTSEA 2009

  43. Work Zone Facts & Stats (cont.) • Color blindness, or Colour blindness, a color vision deficiency, is the inability to perceive differences between some of the colors that others can distinguish. It is most often of genetic nature, but may also occur because of eye, nerve, or brain damage, or due to exposure to certain chemicals. • 1 in 12 people have some sort of color deficiency. • About 8% of men and 0.4% of women in the US. • Wikipedia NUTSEA 2009

  44. “A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are built for.” ~ John A. Shedd NUTSEA 2009

  45. ANSI/ISEA 107-2004 • Scope • Purpose • Definitions • Design • Component Colors • Garment Classes • Care Labeling • Specific Marking NUTSEA 2009

  46. Scope • It’s about people! • It’s about keep people SAFE! • Prior to 1st publishing in 1999 (MN first state to adopt standard) no regulation or specific guideline for the design & performance of materials for high visibility safety apparel in the U.S. NUTSEA 2009

  47. Purpose • In 2003’s edition it specified requirements for use of high visibility apparel compliant with ASNI/ISEA 107 by both flaggers and other roadway workers • NOW the focus is on visibility from the WORKER’s as well as the DRIVER’s perspective NUTSEA 2009

  48. Definitions • Background material: • Colored fluorescent material intended to be highly conspicuous, but not intended to comply with the requirements of this standard for retro reflective material. NUTSEA 2009

  49. Definitions (cont.) • Retro reflective material: • Material that is a retro reflector and is either • 1) not intended to comply with the requirements of the standard for background material • 2) is a combined-performance, retro reflective material. NUTSEA 2009

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