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Public Opinion. What is Public Opinion?. Overt expression of values , beliefs , and attitudes by some segment of society. Values: basic orientation to politics and life Beliefs: perceptions of reality Attitudes: positive or negative orientations toward an object
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What is Public Opinion? • Overt expression of values, beliefs, and attitudes by some segment of society. • Values: basic orientation to politics and life • Beliefs: perceptions of reality • Attitudes: positive or negative orientations toward an object • Not strictly limited to politics and government.
How Do We Measure Public Opinion? • Usually measured via public opinion polls (surveys). • Sometimes from focus groups • What do we learn from polls? • Values, attitudes, beliefs • Facts • Behavior • Sampling procedures. • Population vs. Sample • Random vs. non-random (biased) • Sample size
Problems with Survey Questions • Question wording is another potential source of error • Sensitive questions • Biased questions • Confusing questions • Non-attitudes
Where to Get Public Opinion Information • www.pollingreport.com • www.gallup.com
How Are Opinions Formed? • Political Socialization • Retrospective Modification
Political Socialization • Explicit or implicit • Agents of socialization • Family • Schools • Peers • Adult socialization
Retrospective Modification • Socialization AND political experiences • Looks something like this: Political Events SocializationOpinion Mass Media
The Role of the Media • Inform • Agenda setting • Framing • Persuasion
Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values • Short-term attitudes and beliefs • Candidate evaluations, issues, etc. • Long-term attitudes and beliefs • Party affiliation, efficacy, trust • Core values • Democratic principles, ideology • Political knowledge
Public opinion and public policy • Evidence of congruence • Evidence of incongruence • Explanations
Opinion gaps • Education • Sex • Race • Religion