Opening Activity

1. Opening Activity • World War I began with ______________ ___________________________________ The country I feel that was most responsible for the majority of deaths was __________ due to _____________________________. I would punish ____________ by ________ ___________________________________.

2. The War to End All Wars ended on November 11, 1918 Europe was left to wonder what had happened… Over 65 million men were mobilized… There were 37,500,000 casualties… Over 21 million men returned injured Over 8,500,000 men died The war cost over $31,000,000,000 someone had to pay…the question was who…

3. These men are known as the Big Four They are planning on creating a peace treaty

4. The Victorious Allies have different visions of peace Georges Clemenceau was the French leader. France had been invaded by Germany in 1870 and in 1914. the French wanted the Germans to be made weak so that they would not attack them again. The war had been fought mostly in France. The countryside was destroyed. Villages burned and the population decimated. Germany needed to pay to repair the damage their invasion of France caused. Woodrow Wilson was the President of the United States. He wanted to rebuild the world after the devastation of the World War. He pushed hard for a peace that would include an international body that would make sure that there would be no future wars. The League of Nations was created for this purpose. Unfortunately the American public wanted the US to remain isolated and they never joined the League. David Lloyd George was the British leader. He publicly called for the Germans to pay for starting the war. Privately, he worried that if the Germans were too weakened, the Communists could take over the country.

5. What the European Allies Wanted • Treaty that would punish Germany • Strip Germany of its ability to make weapons • Including removing the naval fleet

6. What President Wilson Wanted Created 14Points plan Peace Plan • Goal: Make the World safe for democracy Some Ideas: • Self determination ( Independence for all colonies) • End to secret treaties • Creation of League of Nations an international peace keeping organization

7. Check for Understanding • The treaty the Europeans wanted can be described as ______________________ _______________. However, President Wilson wanted _____________________ ___________________. I agree with _____ because __________________________.

8. The Allies’ Response Britain and France did not agreewith Wilson’s peace plan • They wanted to strip Germany of its ability to make war • France and England lost about 1 million men each and wanted to see Germany suffer • These differences resulted in arguments between the Allies but they are eventually able to create a treaty which became known as the Treaty of Versailles.

9. The Victorious Allies make the Germans sign a peace treaty at the Palace of Versailles But the Germans were forced to accept very harsh conditions… the treaty would lead to future problems.

10. Film Clip: The Treaty of Versailles

11. The Treaty of Versailles • made Germany accept blame for starting the war. • took a lot of German land away for other countries • took German land for new countries • split the Austria-Hungary Empire into two countries • created many new European nations, like Poland, Czechoslavakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland • made the Germans pay a huge financial debt to the allies – known as reparations • created demilitarized zones • demilitarized the German army

12. The Treaty of Versailles Of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points, the only one realized was the creation of the League of Nations Punished Germany 1. Germany lost land 2. Severe restrictions on its military 3. Germany had to take full responsibility for the war known as the War Guilt Clause 4. Germany had to pay reparations (damages) caused by the war

13. Check for Understanding • Illustrate each of the four punishments on Germany.

14. The Treaty of Versailles was hated by the German people the parts that they hated the most were the war guilt clause and the idea of reparations the result of the financial hardships caused by the reparations and the war guilt clause were hatred and hostility the breakdown in German society caused by the war and the Treaty of Versailles almost made the rise of Fascism inevitable

15. Before WWI Which countries lost land? A. _____________ B. _____________ C. _____________ Which countries gained land? A. _____________ B. _____________ List at least three new countries created. After WWI

16. Results of the Treaty of Versailles The U.S. disliked the treaty • They did not join the League of Nations which weakened the organization • Did not want to get dragged into another war • America negotiated their own treaty with the Central Powers • “The war to end all wars” war • Germany felt extreme bitterness with their treatment • Especially the WarGuiltClause • This anger would eventually lead to World War II

17. Results of the Treaty of Versailles • Africa and India were upset that they did not get their independence. • The League of Nations failed -­ lacked real power and could not solve world problems

18. Think-Pair-Share • I believe the most important result of the Treaty of Versailles was ___________ because_____________________________________________________________

19. The War to End All Wars destroys millions of people, great sections of land, and villages…

20. Casualties of WWI Compare the casualties of the Allies with the Central Powers

21. Independent Practice: Choose one to answer • 1. In your opinion, do you think the Treaty of Versailles was fair? Why or why not? • 2. As a result of the Treaty of Versailles, predict what might happen in Europe in a few years.