1 / 12

The Human Respiratory System

The Human Respiratory System. Thursday May 19, 2011. Inhalation – breathing in, then where? Upper Respiratory Tract. Why does it usually take place through the nose? Nose – opening at the base of the nose (nostrils) Lined with: Nose hairs = filters dust from air

roy
Download Presentation

The Human Respiratory System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Human Respiratory System Thursday May 19, 2011

  2. Inhalation – breathing in, then where?Upper Respiratory Tract • Why does it usually take place through the nose? • Nose – opening at the base of the nose (nostrils) Lined with: • Nose hairs = filters dust from air • Conducts air into hollow nasal passages • The mouth is also an entry point for air

  3. In the nostrils… • Turbinates– thin bones, covered with thin membrane that secretes mucus • Turbinates help increase surface area of nasal chambers • Mucus moistens air • Nasal Chambers – epithelial linings supplied with blood capillaries, WHY? • Warms incoming air, increases humidity • Turbinate bones also warm and humidify air • Filters air

  4. After the nostrils, where to now? • Pharynx – part of the alimentary canal (digestive system) • Connects the mouth and the nasal cavity to the larynx and oesophagus • Intersection between trachea and esophagus • Opens to TRACHEA (gas exchange system!) • Glottis – opening of trachea, space of folds • Main apparatus of lungs • Epiglottis – flap-like structure, prevents food from entering trachea

  5. I'm clean, now where? • Larynx (also called voice box) • Contains 2 folded structures of vocal cords • When you breathe, there is a large gap between the cords • When speaking, muscles around larynx contract bringing the cords close together • As air passes through the narrower space, the cords vibrate to produce a sound PITCH = length of cords (Did I swallow Adam's apple?)

  6. Trachea • Also called windpipe • Supported by semi-circular cartilage rings (prevent from collapsing) • Like nasal passages, epithelial cells are ciliated and secrete mucus (yum!) It… • Conducts air to lungs (mucus traps foreign materials) • Cilia propels material back to nose and through throat Expelled by coughing or sneezing

  7. Lower Respiratory Tract • Bronchi – two smaller passageways that branch from trachea; lined with ciliated mucus membrane • Enters the lungs • Subdivides to produce a network of bronchioles • Carries air from trachea to the bronchioles • Bronchioles - branches from bronchi • ends in clusters of alveoli (air sacs) • Carries air from bronchi to alveoli

  8. Alveoli – Structure (approx. 300,000,000 sacs)FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • Air sacs in grapelike clusters • Always moist, wall is 1 cell thick • Wall is next to a network of tiny capillaries • Elastic connective tissue fills spaces between alveoli and bronchioles • A lipoprotein based lubricating film to keep from collapsing

  9. Alveoli - FunctionFUNCTIONAL UNIT OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • Site of gas exchange • Oxygen diffuses into the capillaries from the alveoli • Carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuses out • Facilitated diffusion by a protein-based molecule in the alveolar allows more oxygen transfer

  10. All together makes the…LUNGS • Right lung has 3 lobes • Left lung has 2 lobes • Each lobe is made of a number of lobules, each with its own bronchiole

  11. Pleural Membrane • Made up of 2 layers of flexible membrane separated by a thin film of lubricating fluid (chicken breast?) • In the thoracic cavity (chest) Why lubricating fluid? • Contains lungs while allowing them to expand and contract without any friction (*sigh)

  12. Diaphragm • Bone or muscle?!?!??! • Thin sheet of __________ under lungs • Shaped like an inverted bowl when relaxed • Separates thoracic Cavity from abdominal Cavity - EJECT and breathing

More Related