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Civil Rights

Civil Rights. Activism, new legislation, and the Supreme Court advance equal rights for African Americans. But disagreements among civil rights groups lead to a violent period for the civil rights movement. NEXT. Taking on Segregation. SECTION 1. SECTION 2. The Triumphs of a Crusade.

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Civil Rights

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  1. Civil Rights Activism, new legislation, and the Supreme Court advance equal rights for African Americans. But disagreements among civil rights groups lead to a violent period for the civil rights movement. NEXT

  2. Taking on Segregation SECTION 1 SECTION 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade Challenges and Changes in the Movement SECTION 3 Civil Rights NEXT

  3. Section 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade Civil rights activists break through racial barriers. Their activism prompts landmark legislation. NEXT

  4. Learning Objectives:Section 2 - The Triumphs of a Crusade • Identify the goal of the freedom riders. • Explain how civil rights activism forced President Kennedy to act against segregation. • State the motives of the 1963 March on Washington. • Describe the tactics tried by civil rights organizations to secure passage of the Voting Rights Act.

  5. SECTION 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade Riding for Freedom CORE’s Freedom Rides • 1961, CORE tests Court decision banning interstate bus segregation • Freedom riders—blacks, whites sit, use station facilities together • Riders brutally beaten by Alabama mobs; one bus firebombed • New Volunteers • Bus companies refuse to continue carrying CORE freedom riders • SNCC volunteers replace CORE riders; are violently stopped • Robert Kennedy pressures bus company to continue transporting riders Continued . . . NEXT

  6. Guided Reading

  7. A – What did freedom riders hope to achieve? They hoped to call attention to the South’s refusal to abandon segregation so as to pressure the federal govt to enforce the Supreme Court’s desegregation rulings. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

  8. SECTION 2 continuedRiding for Freedom • Arrival of Federal Marshals • Alabama officials don’t give promised protection; mob attacks riders • Newspapers throughout nation denounce beatings • JFK sends 400 U.S. marshals to protect riders • Attorney general, Interstate Commerce Commission act: • - ban segregation in all interstate travel facilities NEXT

  9. B – What events led to desegregation in Birmingham? Days of demonstations; Arrest of King and others; King’s “letter from Birmingham Jail”; More demonstration met by arrests and police violence; Economic boycott MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

  10. SECTION 2 Standing Firm • Integrating Ole Miss • 1962, federal court rules James Meredith may enroll at U of MS • Governor Ross Barnett refuses to let Meredith register • JFK orders federal marshals to escort Meredith to registrar’s office • Barnett makes radio appeal; thousands of white demonstrators riot • Federal officials accompany Meredith to classes, protect his parents Continued . . . NEXT

  11. C – Why did civil rights organizers ask their supporters to march on Washington? To spur passage of the civil rights bill MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

  12. SECTION 2 continuedStanding Firm • Heading into Birmingham • April 1963, SCLC demonstrate to desegregate Birmingham • King arrested, writes “Letter from Birmingham Jail” • TV news show police attacking child marchers—fire hoses, dogs, clubs • Continued protests, economic boycott, bad press end segregation • Kennedy Takes a Stand • June, JFK sends troops to force Gov. Wallace to desegregate U of AL • NAACP’s Medgar Evers murdered; hung juries lead to killer’s release NEXT

  13. D – Why did civil rights groups organize Freedom Summer? They hoped to call attention to the lack of voting rights in segregationists stronghold and to promote passage of a federal voting rights act. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

  14. SECTION 2 Marching to Washington • The Dream of Equality • August 1963, over 250,000 people converge on Washington • Speakers demand immediate passage of civil rights bill • King gives “I Have a Dream” speech • More Violence • September, 4 Birmingham girls killed when bomb thrown into church • LBJ signs Civil Rights Act of 1964 • - prohibits discrimination because of race, religion, gender NEXT

  15. Guided Reading

  16. SECTION 2 Fighting for Voting Rights Freedom Summer • Freedom Summer—CORE, SNCC project to register blacks to vote in MS • Volunteers beaten, killed; businesses, homes, churches burned • A New Political Party • Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party formed to get seat in MS party • • Fannie Lou Hamer—voice of MFDP at National Convention—wins support • LBJ fears losing Southern white vote, pressures leaders to compromise • MFDP and SNCC supporters feel betrayed Continued . . . NEXT

  17. Guided Reading

  18. E – Why did young people in SNCC and the MFDP feel betrayed by some civil rights leaders? Because the leader agreed to a compromise with the Johnson administration that kept most MFDP delegates from the Democratic convention. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

  19. SECTION 2 continuedFighting for Voting Rights • The Selma Campaign • 1965, voting rights demonstrator killed in Selma, AL • King leads 600 protest marchers; TV shows police violently stop them • Second march, with federal protection, swells to 25,000 people • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Congress finally passes Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Stops literacy tests, allows federal officials to enroll voters • Increases black voter enrollment NEXT

  20. Guided Reading

  21. F – In what ways was the civil rights campaign in Selma similar to the one in Birmingham? In both the campaigns, civil rights workers encountered a violent response, and in both cases, TV coverage of that violence helped force the federal govt to intervene. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

  22. Guided Reading

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