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FEMTOSECOND timing!

FEMTOSECOND timing!. By Michael Rocco Whalen and Cara Perkins. Pump – Probe Experiments.

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FEMTOSECOND timing!

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  1. FEMTOSECOND timing! By Michael Rocco Whalen and Cara Perkins

  2. Pump – Probe Experiments • A pump-probe experiment excites an atom or molecule with a visible laser beam, then probes the object with a hard X-ray. By measuring the timing difference between the two laser pulses, one can rearrange the captured images and create a “movie” of the chemical dynamics.

  3. Signal Mixing 2 =

  4. Testing Frequency Mixers for Power Sensitivity

  5. Calculating Sensitivity

  6. Sensitivity Performance of the Mixers Mini-Circuits ® Model ZFM-4H-S+ Mini-Circuits ® Model ZX05-HW-S+ Average Sensitivity of the Mixers Mini-Circuits ® Model ZFM-150

  7. Can you hear me now? White Noise Spectrum Pink Noise Spectrum

  8. Testing the RF Components for Their Noise-to-Sensitivity Ratio Mini-Circuits Splitter Model ZFSC-2-1W+ Anaren Splitter Model 40263

  9. Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) 10 Hz Resolution Bandwidth 10 kHz Resolution Bandwidth • Smaller RBW’s have better resolution. Therefore, harmonics are more apparent. Here, one can see the 60 Hz harmonics coming from nearby power lines. • Larger RBW’s look at a much wider frequency band. The averaging of the frequency measurements eliminates most of the harmonics seen at lower RBW’s.

  10. The Search for Pink Noise The spectrum analyzer revealed a noise floor that resembled a 1/f curve, but further investigation showed that this was simply the result of averaging the incoming frequencies. This noise floor was taken at a 100 Hz RBW.

  11. Average Noise of Mixer and Splitter Combinations Noise-to-Sensitivity Ratios

  12. Testing the Components for Temperature-Dependent Phase Drift

  13. Temperature and Phase Drift Results

  14. Thank you, APE (Accelerator Physics & Engineering) LAB, for all your assistance in femtosecond measuring!!

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