The Era of Good Feelings to the Jacksonian Era 1814-1840

1. The Era of Good Feelings to the Jacksonian Era 1814-1840 Students will explain how the economic development of the North and South will lead to a division of the United States

2. Era of Good Feelings • President James Monroe- his presidency will be defined by three ideas 1. Purchase of Florida 2. Monroe Doctrine 3. Missouri Compromise

3. Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution- is the change from slow hand made expensive goods, to cheaper faster machine made products 1. Large Scale Factories Develop 2. Mass Production- the production of goods in large quantities 3. First to Begin- Great Britain who tries to keep its secret from the world 4. First Begins in America- New England in the area of clothing production

4. Eli Whitney Changes the South and America Forever Eli Whitney-Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts Impact of the Cotton Gin-This allowed slavery in the south to become economically viable. Before the Cotton Gin it was becoming too expensive to maintain the slave system

5. Factory Kingdom-manufacturing becomes the backbone of the North because soil is poor making farms small Slavery- not widely needed and is abolished by 1804. King Cotton-with the invention of the Cotton Gin, cotton explodes and becomes huge and profitable Demand- The North needs cotton for its factories; Great Britain needs cotton for its factories Slavery- the rise in slavery directly reflects the rise in cotton production Two Different Economies

6. Henry Clay’s American System • American System-designed to promote the nation’s economic growth 1. Protective Tariffs-would promote American manufacturing. 2. The Second National Bank-provides a national currency 3. Transportation Improvements-building of roads and canals to link the country together and promote growth a. Erie Canal and National Roads built to link the country.

7. Monroe Doctrine • Monroe Doctrine-it stated clearly that Europe was to not interfere (colonization/empires) in the areas of North and South America and in return we would not bother Europe • Adams-Onis Treaty-U.S. purchases Florida from Spain

8. Missouri Compromise • The issue-since the late 1790’s when states entered the Union there was always a balance between Northern and Southern states 1. Slavery-Even though the North had more representatives the South was equal in the Senate and could block any anti-slavery laws 2. New States-Missouri was the 1st state to apply from the Louisiana Purchase, both groups wanted this area to go with their cause, tip the balance of power 3. Tallmadge Amendment-introduced by a representative of N.Y. it would have gradually eliminated slavery in the state- southerners pissed seeing it as the 1st step to eliminating slavery

9. Missouri Compromise cont’d…. Henry Clay’s Missouri Compromise- 1. Missouri admitted as a slaveholding state 2. Maine admitted as a free state 3. Slavery prohibited north of 36 30’ in the Louisiana Territory Aftermath- saved the Union for 30 years but never answered the problem of slavery, because of this violence will be the only answer to the question.

11. Election of 1824 • Four National Republicans Candidates campaigned- John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and William Crawford. • Jackson won the most popular votes, but did not get the majority of the electoral college votes. • The House of Representatives had to choose between the top three candidates.

12. Election of 1824 Cont’d… • Adams wins- Henry Clay uses his influence to get Adams elected President. • Corrupt Bargain- Clay appointed Secretary of State by Adams- Jacksonians call this a “corrupt bargain”

13. Election of 1828 • Adams vs. Jackson • Common Man- Jackson refers to himself as the common man vs. Adams northern elitist ways. Easily wins • Mudslinging- this is the first presidential race in which the parties use rumors and lies to attack each other • The universal manhood suffrage- all white males are given the right to vote for the first time in America by 1826

14. Andrew Jackson “Old Hickory” & “King Andrew” • The first president-from the West and the second without a college education. • “Kitchen Cabinet”- close friends of Jackson who help make decisions about America, the cabinet has no power • Simple political ideas • Man of the people • Union first, states’ rights second • Traditionalist- see this as the beginning of mob rule of the United States • Spoils System-Jackson removed any non-Democrats from government offices and appointed loyal Democrats

15. Indian Removal Act 1830 • The issue- White settlers wanted “prime” Native American lands, Jackson supported removing them to allow settlers to claim their lands • The Act- For $5 million and land in the West, Native Americans are forced by Jackson to give up their traditional homelands, most sent to Oklahoma. • Worcester vs. Georgia- Supreme Court rules that Georgia has no power within Cherokee lands. “Marshall made the decision, now let him enforce it”- Andrew Jackson • Trail of Tears-In 1838 The U.S. Army forces 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and walk to Oklahoma. Along the way they are robbed by the Army and criminals, there to escort them but not protect them. Over 4,000 die on this journey

17. Nullification Crisis • The issue-Britain floods the U.S. with cheap goods, U.S. raises tariff- V.P. John Calhoun calls it the Tariff of Abominations 1828 -Says the North prospers at the expense of the South (Cotton was cheap) Nullification Theory- idea created by Calhoun it states three ideas 1. States had a right to decide to obey federal laws or declare them unconstitutional 2. Constitution is a compact between the states and Federal government 3. States have the right to secede from the Union if they are denied nullification

18. Webster – Hayne debate • Famous debate that lasted nine days in 1830. • Webster argued that no state had the authority to nullify of leave the Union. • Hayne condemned the Tariff of 1828 and championed states’ rights and the south

19. Nullification Cont’d… South Carolina- their legislature declares the Tariffs unconstitutional and threatens to secede from the Union if the tariffs are not overturned Force Bill- Jackson get Congress to approve the use of the Army and Navy against South Carolina and tells them nullification and secession are treason Compromise- Henry Clay gets everyone to agree to reduce the tariff over the next 10 years- eases tension

20. The Bank Wars • Clay & Webster- they bring up re-upping the National Bank to get Jackson to veto it and have him lose support for the election of 1832. • Biddle and U.S. Bank- He is the director of the bank and very arrogant. Jackson accuses the bank of helping only the rich and it was unconstitutional. He veto’s its extension • Election 1832- Jackson wins easily and the “common man” agrees with him that the Bank only helps the rich and is corrupt • Pet Banks- Jackson pulls Federal money out of the U.S. Bank and transfers them to friendly state “pet” banks. This will lead to a collapse of credit in America, inflation and finally a depression in 1837

21. Supreme Court Boosts National Powers • Gibbons vs. Ogden- federal government controls interstate commerce • McCulloch v. Maryland- state cannot overturn laws passed by Congress • Dartmouth College v. Woodward- state cannot interfere with contracts

22. The Legacy of the Jacksonian Democracy Nominating Conventions-In the 1830s, caucuses were replaced by nominating conventions in which party politicians and voters would gather to nominate the party’s candidates. • Popular Election-In the Election of 1832, only South Carolina used the old system by which presidential electors were chosen by the state legislature. • Campaigning- Presidential candidates now had to conduct national campaigns. Large political parties were needed to organize them.

23. Jacksonian Legacy Cont’d… Third Parties-In addition to the two large national parties (at this time, they were the Democrats and the Whigs), smaller political parties developed (i.e. the Anti-Masons and the Workingmen’s party.) The Federalist party dies out after losing several elections. State and Local- A larger number of state and local officials were elected rather appointed.