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Enuma Elish

Enuma Elish. World Literature Mr. Brennan. Monday, September 9, 2013 . Do- Now . “Causes” of a Table. What makes a table, a table? What causes a table to “be”?. AGENDA.

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Enuma Elish

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  1. EnumaElish World Literature Mr. Brennan

  2. Monday, September 9, 2013 Do-Now “Causes” of a Table What makes a table, a table? What causes a table to “be”?

  3. AGENDA SWBATgain a deeper understanding of Ancient Mesopotamian culture by analyzing the form and function of the creation story, EnumaElish. Learning Objective • HW Collection: College Essay: Draft 1 / Syllabus • Mini-Lecture: Aristotle’s Four Causes • Mini-Lecture: Mesopotamian Context • Class Reading: EnumaElish Finish Reading EnumaElish Homework Reminders

  4. Aristotle’s Four Causes Knowledge is the object of our inquiry, and men do not think they know a thing till they have grasped the ‘why’ of it (which is to grasp its primary cause). • Material Cause • Formal Cause • Efficient Cause • Final Cause

  5. “What makes something so-and-so?” Having four legs and a flat top makes this (count as) a table Material Cause X is made out of Y Formal Cause Y is what it is to be X Efficient Cause Y is what produces X Final Cause Y is what X is for A table is made out of wood Having a surface suitable for eating or writing makes this (work as) a table A carpenter makes a table

  6. “What makes something so-and-so?” C R E A T I O N M Y T H S Material Cause X is made out of Y Formal Cause Y is what it is to be X Efficient Cause Y is what produces X Final Cause Y is what X is for

  7. Mesopotamia Greek Origin: mesos (middle) +potamos (river)=“land between rivers” Mesopotamia Encompasses the land between the Euphrates & Tigris rivers in modern day IRAQ

  8. Mesopotamia • Considered to be the cradle of civilization, the site of the emergence of civilization. • During the Bronze Age (3600-1200 BC)Mesopotamia included various empires: • Sumer Empire • Akkadian Empire • Babylonian Empire

  9. Babylonia • The Babylonian Empire emerged around 2000 BC • It was often in conflict with the nearby nations, but became the major power in the region after Hammurabi created an empire out of many of the territories of the former AkkadianEmpire (1792 BC). • It is during this period when the Babylonian creation myth originates

  10. EnumaElish • The Babylonian EPIC of CREATION is recorded on seven clay tablets (it’s named after its opening words) • Scholars believe it was recited during the Akitu festival, or Babylonian new year. The epic describes two primeval gods, Apsu (fresh waters) and Tiamat (salt waters), whose fluids join to generate creation. Other gods spring from their union; however, disharmony prevails, and Apsu is provoked to move against the younger gods.

  11. AnalyzingEnumaElish • Metaphysical (Origin of Cosmos): • Religious (Poly- Mono- theistic): • Social/Political (Hierarchy of Power): • Social/Political (Patri- Matri- archy): • Axis mundi (World Axis): • Anthropological (Origin of Man): • Environmental (Explanation of Natural): • Psychological (Psyche/Archetypes): • Morality (Values/Good v. Evil/Purpose of Man):

  12. Theogony of EnumaElish APSU Lahmu Anshar TIAMAT Lahamu Kishar Mummu Qingu ANU Damkina Nudimmud (Ea) BelMARDUK

  13. Close Reading noise repeated Tiamat’s belly = Anduruna Tiamat (mother) responsible for quieting children? However, female is too weak to do what is necessary? councilor/advisor implying male power

  14. Female naturally filled with “rage” and must “suppress” the “evil” inside her Protective Mother Male Authority Notion of female needing male portection By whom? Was relayed to the gods their sons

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