1 / 13

Finish: Overview of the Course Organization then, History of Cognitive Psychology

Finish: Overview of the Course Organization then, History of Cognitive Psychology. Psychology 355: Cognitive Psychology Instructor : John Miyamoto 04/01 /2014: Lecture 01-2.

royce
Download Presentation

Finish: Overview of the Course Organization then, History of Cognitive Psychology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Finish: Overview of the Course Organizationthen,History of Cognitive Psychology Psychology 355: Cognitive PsychologyInstructor: John Miyamoto04/01/2014: Lecture 01-2 This Powerpoint presentation may contain macros that were used to create the slides. The macros aren’t needed to view the slides. If necessary, you can disable the macros without any change to the presentation.

  2. Outline • What is cognitive psychology? • Organization of topics in Psychology 355 • Learning goals in Psychology 355 BRIEF HISTORY OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY • Early cognitive psychology: Donder’smethod of subtraction Helmholtz’s concept of unconscious inference • Behaviorist psychology – an opponent to cognitive psychology • Rise of modern cognitive psychology Possible end? What is Cognitive Psychology? Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  3. What is Cognitive Psychology? • Cognitive psychology attempts to explain how humans perform cognitive activities. What are cognitive activities? • Seeing objects and events in one’s surroundings. • Remembering something, e.g., facts, personal experiences, etc. • Understanding what is happening in a situation. • Communicating through spoken and written language. • Learning something new, e.g., how to use a computer, an Ipod, public transportation, introductory statistics, etc. • Solving problems, making decisions, drawing inferences. • Other examples: The mental activity that lets us perform specific tasks. • Reading, driving a car in traffic, play games like basketball, shop in a store, etc. What is Cog Psych (continued)? Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  4. What is Cognitive Psychology? (cont.) • Theory of human information processing including perception, attention, memory, language, reasoning, learning, development Emphasis on ... • ... experimental studies of human information processing (behavioral studies) • ... brain activity while humans engage in cognitive processing (cognitive neuroscience) • ... models of human information processing (computational modeling) De-emphasis on: motivation, emotion Course Outline Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  5. Course Outline Course Outline, Week 6 - 10 Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  6. Course Outline Any questions? Learning Goals for Psych 355 Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  7. Learning Goals for Students in Psych 355 • Psych Website: http://web.psych.washington.edu/psych.php#p=72 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- • Specific Learning Goals • General Learning Goals . Specific Learning Goals Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  8. Specific Learning Goals for Psych 355 • Recognize how everyday activities involve major cognitive functions. • Everyday activities, e.g., reading, having a conversation, and planning a meal • Cognitive functions, e.g., object perception, categorization, manipulation of information in working memory, retrieval of information from long-term memory, etc. Gain basic knowledge of .... • Major structures and processes in perception, attention, working memory and long-term memory. • Neural information processing, brain structure and brain activity as it relates to cognitive functions. • Experimental evidence pertaining to attention, working memory, long-term memory, problem solving and reasoning. • Representation of information within the cognitive system. • Recognize how everyday activities involve major cognitive functions. General Learning Goals Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  9. General Learning Goals • Understand the tentative nature of knowledge, tolerate ambiguity, and search for alternative explanations of phenomena. • Use skeptical inquiry to distinguish between theories that are well-supported by evidence from those that are not. • Understand our own cognitive psychology when we ... • ... perceive objects and situations in everyday experience; .... • ... remember or fail to remember facts or previous experience; ... • ... solve problems and make decisions. Begin: History of Cognitive Psychology Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  10. Overview of the History of Cognitive Psychology • Precursors to cognitive psychology • Aristotle, Plato – epistemology, theory of ideas and their relation to human action • Experimental psychology begins in 19th century Germany • FranciscusDonders (response time analysis, method of subtraction) • Hermann von Helmholtz (perception, unconscious inference) • Hermann Ebbinghaus (experimental study of memory) • Wilhelm Wundt (analytic introspection, analysis of conscious experience) • Behaviorist hiatus in America: roughly 1920 – 1960 • During the behaviorist period (1920-1960), cognitive psychology continued to be studied in Europe. • Revival of cognitive psychology in America (1950 – 1970) • 1970 – present: Cognitive psychology plays a major role in psychology pretty much everywhere in the world Donder’s Mental Chronometry Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  11. Early Cognitive Psychology: F.C. Donders (1818-1889) • Mental chronometry: Measuring how long a cognitive process takes • Reaction-time (RT) Experiment (a.k.a. response time experiment): Measures interval between stimulus presentation and the response to the stimulus • Method of Subtraction: Used to infer how long a mental process takes when the processis not directly observable. • Method of subtraction is an example of a behavioral research method. Definition of Response Time (RT) Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  12. Terminology: RT (Response Time, Reaction Time) • RT = “response time” (a.k.a. “reaction time”) • RT = (Response Completion) – (Stimulus Onset) • Obviously to measure RT, the experimenter has to be ableto measure precisely when the stimulus was presented,and when the subject completed the response. Definition of Simple RT and Choice RT Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

  13. Method of Subtraction Applied to the ComparisonBetween Simple and Choice Reaction Time • Simple RT task: Participant pushes a button quickly after a light appears • Choice RT task: Participant pushes one button if light is on the right side, and a different button if light is on left side • Donder’s goal: To measure how long it takes a person to decide which button to press in the choice RT task. How long is the decision process? Diagram Showing Time Course of Simple RT Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '14

More Related