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How to Use PRB & Translation in S olving Math Word Problems

How to Use PRB & Translation in S olving Math Word Problems. Kristine Tan for Pinoy Math Forum. www.yeinstein.com. www.pinoymathforum.com. Dear Reader,. This presentation aims to show you how to use two techniques, Percentage – Rate – Base and Translation, in solving math word problems.

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How to Use PRB & Translation in S olving Math Word Problems

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  1. How to Use PRB & Translation in Solving Math Word Problems Kristine Tanfor Pinoy Math Forum www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  2. Dear Reader, This presentation aims to show you how to use two techniques, Percentage – Rate – Base and Translation, in solving math word problems. I will give you some sample exercises, and we will solve each one step by step. 

  3. Review of PRB Percentage-Rate-Base www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  4. Identify the P, R, and B in the sentence below: Answers: Percentage: Rate: Base: All the 3 quantities Percentage, Rate, and Base, are GIVEN already. You are just being asked to IDENTIFY which is which. 20 1/5 100 The sentence means that if you cut 100 into 5 equal parts, then each of the 5 parts, or 1/5, is equal to 20. www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  5. PRB As seen from the previous slide, We can say that, www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  6. Let’s use P-R-B in everyday math. In the following situations, identify the P, R, and the B.

  7. Identify the Percentage, Rate, and the Base. 1. Jessy ate 4 out of the 5 parts of her chocolate bar. This means she ate 80% of the chocolate bar. 2. The interest rate for savings in a bank is 1% per year. When Anton deposited P1,000 in the bank, his money earned an interest of P10 in one year. www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  8. In the previous slide, all 3 quantities were given. A typical PRB word problem is different. It will provide you with any 2 of the 3 quantities, and you will need to solve for the 3rd quantity. www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  9. Typical P-R-B Word Problem:What part of 30 is 6? The Rate. • Identify which 2 of the 3 quantities are given. Base Percentage What is missing? The trick is to use the PRB triangle. Since the rate R is missing, we cover R. We see that P is “over” B. www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

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  11. PRB Application: Discount

  12. A PRB Application: DiscountDuring a sale with all items marked 20% off, Manuel bought a t-shirt at Php 200.00. What was the original price of the t-shirt? What are given in the problem? What do we need to find? Percentage. (Or part of the original price) What does Php 200.00 represent? What does 20% represent? The common misconception is that the given % quantity in the problem is the rate, but this is not always the case. The correct rate is (100% -20%) = 80%. Therefore, the given are: Which means we have to FIND the Base. www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

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  14. Now, let’s try answering some PRB problems using Translation.

  15. Translation of the English Sentence into a Mathematical Equation

  16. Using the same word problem:What part of 30 is 6? We will translate the sentence into a mathematical equation. As you can see, in translating sentences to math equations, “of” becomes multiplication “is” becomes the equal sign www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  17. To answer N: What should N be, so that if you multiply it to 30, you get 6? www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  18. Let’s try another problem.20% of 25 is what part of 160? Step 1: Find 20% of 25. “20% of 25” = 0.20 x 25 = 5 Step 2: Find the answer to “5 is what part of 160?”. Base B Percentage P In Step 2 now, we are looking for the rate R. www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  19. Your turn: Forty is 0.25% of what number? • Identify: what do 40 and 0.25% represent? • Answer: 40 represents the Percentage P. • 0.25% is the Rate R, where, in this problem, the number 40 is worth 0.25% of some number. • The number we are looking for is the Base B. Warning: 0.25% is NOT the same as 0.25. Take note of the “%” symbol! www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  20. is the same as: Move the decimal point 4 places to the right, in both divisor and dividend. (Because we need to make the divisor 0.0025 a whole number). Answer: 40 is 0.25% of 16000. www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

  21. For more math tips and tricks, Like our Facebook page Pinoy Math Forum, andVisit our website www.pinoymathforum.comPowered by Young Einstein Learning Center.Thank you!  www.yeinstein.com www.pinoymathforum.com

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