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Cultural Revolution in China

Cultural Revolution in China. Adapted from http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/pol324/maoistch.ppt. Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945). Outline. GMD-CCP Civil War (1946-1949) Recovery and Socialism (1949-1956) Rethinking the Soviet model (1956-1957) Great Leap Forward (1958-1961)

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Cultural Revolution in China

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  1. Cultural Revolution in China Adapted from http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/pol324/maoistch.ppt

  2. Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945)

  3. Outline • GMD-CCP Civil War (1946-1949) • Recovery and Socialism (1949-1956) • Rethinking the Soviet model (1956-1957) • Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) • Recovery & growing elite division (1962-5) • Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)

  4. Civil War (1946 – 1949) • GMD: Guomindang (Nationalist Party) • Chiang Kai-shek (President) • CCP: Chinese Communist Party • Mao Zedong

  5. “War of Liberation”

  6. China under Mao Zedong1949 - 1976

  7. Mao Zedong • A revolution to remove “3 big mountains” • imperialism • feudalism • bureaucrat-capitalism • A “United Front” of … • workers • peasants • petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie

  8. People’s Republic of China • 1949-October 1, PRC, Beijing • Chairman: Mao Zedong • 5-Star Red Flag • Republic of China government retreated to what is now Taiwan

  9. Economic Reconstruction 1950s • Soviet Union model and assistance • land reform (eliminate landlord class) • heavy industry (state-owned enterprises)

  10. Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) • abandon the Soviet model of economic development • mass mobilization • people’s communes

  11. Activity • Watch: YouTube - The Great Leap Forward • Describe the reactions of the Chinese to the Great Leap Forward • Make a list of the examples of propaganda used • Make a list of the reasons why the Great Leap Forward failed.

  12. Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) • unrealistic output targets • industry • agricultural and human disaster

  13. What happened during Great Leap Forward? • Great Chinese Famine of 1958-1961 • 16.5-32 million die • Great Leap Forward also included destruction of religious idols • Replaced with political meetings and propaganda • Ended foot-binding, child marriage, and opium addiction

  14. “little red book” • 1964 • “The Quotations from Chairman Mao” • National greatness and revolution • PROPAGANDA Quotations from Chairmain Mao Tse-tung/Mao Zedong (The Little Red Book), Terebess Asia Online (TAO)

  15. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) • Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution • commitment to revolution and “class struggle” • Violent cleansing of society (aka those against Mao & the revolution) • Phase I: the rise and fall of “red guards” • Phase II: the rise and fall of Lin Biao • Phase III: the rise and fall of the “Gang of Four” • Cultural Revolution (Part I) • YouTube - Cultural Revolution (Part II)

  16. Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69)

  17. Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69) • Purge of party cadres • Purge of intellectuals

  18. Phase I continued • Wanted to channel China’s youth • Red guards attacked the “four olds” • Old culture, old customs, old habits, old ways of thinking • Schools closed • “struggle meetings”-announced enemies of revolution • Public humiliation as component of “thought reform” • P. 247

  19. Red Guards continued • 1967- Red Guards arming themselves • Ambushed soldiers to steal weapons • Different groups of red guards attacked one another • By 1968- 18 million red guards (military attempted to force them to country)

  20. Phase II: Lin Biao (1969-71) • the putative successor to Mao Zedong • the cult of personality around Mao • Defence minister under Mao- declared Marshall law (after problems w/Red Guard) • In 1971 Lin allegedly tried but failed • to assassinate Mao • 1971-Killed “mysteriously” in a plane crash

  21. Phase III: the “Gang of Four” • 1972 – 1976 • power struggle between • the radical “Gang of Four”, led by Jiang Qing, Mao’s wife • Opposed Mao’s appointed successor Chou • (Chou dies before Mao)

  22. Diplomatic Breakthrough • 1971, PRC became the representative of China in UN (replaced ROC)

  23. Diplomatic Breakthrough • 1972, President Nixon visited Beijing

  24. Mao and Zhou Died in 1976 • Turning point in China’s postwar era • “Gang of Four” were arrested • End of the Cultural Revolution

  25. Mao’s legacies

  26. Reforms and Opening up • 1978 • economic modernization became focus • US-PRC diplomatic relations in 1979

  27. What has happened since • 1989- Tiananmen Square • Communism falling internationally • Gorbachev’s glasnost policy interests China • Communist leader of China died (Hu) • 2600 deaths?

  28. YouTube - Tiananmen square part 1

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