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Down’s Syndrome

Down’s Syndrome. What is Down’s Syndrome?. Genetic Condition that causes delays in physical and intellectual development. Occur in 1 in 800 births 47 chromosomes instead of 46 Not related to Race, nationality, religion or socioeconomic status.

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Down’s Syndrome

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  1. Down’s Syndrome

  2. What is Down’s Syndrome? • Genetic Condition that causes delays in physical and intellectual development. • Occur in 1 in 800 births • 47 chromosomes instead of 46 • Not related to Race, nationality, religion or socioeconomic status. • They are more like others than they are different.

  3. Types of Down’s Syndrome There are three chromosomal patterns that result in Down’s Syndrome • Trisomy 21: Caused by faulty cell division that result in the baby have three #21 chromosomes instead of 2. • 95% of all cases have Trisomy 21

  4. Types of Down’s Syndrome 2. Translocation: occurs in only 3% of all cases. • A part of chromosome 21 breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. The presence of an extra piece of the 21st chromosome causes the characteristics of Down’s Syndrome.

  5. Types of Down’s Syndrome 3. Mosaicism • Occurs when nondisjunction (separation) of chromosome 21 takes place immediately after fertilization. • The cells with 47 chromosomes contain an extra 21st chromosome. • This type of Down’s Syndrome occurs in 2% of all cases.

  6. Types of Down’s Syndrome • Chromosome 21 is present in all or some of their cells. • This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with the syndrome.

  7. Diagnosis • Identified at birth or shortly after. • Based on physical characteristics: • Low muscle tone • Single crease on the palm of the hand • Slightly flattened facial profile • Upward slant of the eyes

  8. Diagnosis • The diagnosis must be confirmed by a chromosome study (Karotype). • A Karotype provides visual display of the chromosomes grouped by their size, number and shape.

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEVkbuooXo4

  10. Causes • Causes by an error in cell division • Not known why it occurs • Not related to anything the mother did during pregnancy • Incidence of Down’s Syndrome increases with advancing maternal age. • However 80% of children with Down’s Syndrome are born to women under 35.

  11. Health Issues • Many have health complications beyond the usual childhood illnesses. • 40% have congenital heart defects. • Higher incidence of infection, respiratory, vision and hearing problems. • The average life expectancy is 55 years.

  12. Learning and Development • Will most likely have developmental delays however they will also have many talents and skills and should be encouraged to pursue them. • Are to be treated the same as other children. • Services should be provided immediately after birth.

  13. Prenatal Diagnosis Two Types of procedures are available to pregnant women: 1. Screening Tests: Estimate the risk of the baby having Down’s Syndrome. 2. Diagnosis Tests: Tell whether or not the baby has Down’s Syndrome.

  14. With a partner I want you to… • Suggest some tips for teaching kids with Down’s Syndrome. • Suggest some tips for teaching kids with autism. • Suggest some tips for teaching kids with Asperger’s • You have 15 minutes to do this.

  15. Tips for Teaching • High Expectations • Instruction should be guided by ability and needs. • If student is highly distractible seat away from windows and doors. • Small group discussion may be more beneficial. • Try to set aside one on one instruction

  16. Teaching Cont. • Ask the student to rephrase questions. • Set aside time for frequent review • All adequate response time • Provide consistent positive reinforcement • If student makes mistake, ask them to try again. • Give clear signals by using audio or pictorial clues.

  17. Teaching Cont. • Present only a few stimuli or objects at a time (Worksheet with few pictures). • Use concrete objects/manipulative along with verbal explanations. • Be flexible with attaining educational goals (computer instead of a pencil).

  18. Best Practices • Inclusion • Self Esteem • Intellectual • Shortened attention span • Distractibility • Speech and language • Behavior management techniques

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