WW1 Revision Guide

1. WW1 Revision Guide By Anna, Oliver, Chris, Nicole and Lauren

2. Pre War Empires and Alliances The Balkans Pre The assassination The Arms Race

3. The war War starts Schlieffen Plan Trench warfare British home front German home front Battle of the Somme Technology

4. Post War End of war League of Nations Treaty of Versailles

5. Germany, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Britain where the main powers in WW1. Britain owned ¼ of the world Germany had the most soldiers by 1914, having 5,000,000 France lost Alsace and Lorraine to Germany in 1870, this caused fierce rivalry Russia was ruled by Tsar Nicholas the second The triple Alliance-Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary (this was formed in 1882) The triple entente-Russia, France and Britain(this was formed in 1904) France and Russia-Defence alliance Germany and Austria-Hungary-Dual Alliance France and Britain-Entente cordiale The Empire and Alliances

6. Continued. • Germany-The rising star • Russia-The sleeping giant • Austria-Hungary- The worried ones • Turkey-Sick old man • Britain-Top nation • France –Bitter one • Italy-Nervous newcomers

7. The arms race was a race to build the biggest army, navy and air force for the battle that could spark. Apart from Britain and Germany every country where trying to build a colossal army. At this point Britain and Germany were trying to build up there navy. Germany wanted their navy to be bigger than Britain's. The Arms Race

8. The Assassination The assassination happened on Jun 28 1914 in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The Archduke of Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, where both shot by Gavrilo Princip. Franz Ferdinand was aged 51 when he died. The assassination was an excuse for war.

9. The Balkans • The balkans were states half owned by Turkey and the other half by Austria-Hungary. When the Turkish empire collapsed some states became indipendant. The states owned by A-H wanted independence to. In 1875 A-H inveded Bosnia. Serbia saw themselves the same as Russia because of the Slavs and formed an alliance. This became important when the serbs shot Franz Ferdinand.

10. War starts • After the assisantioin of the archduke, A-H sent an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia rejected some of the points and germany urged its ally A-H to attack Serbia. This meant that Serbia’s alliance with Russia brought them into the war drawing in Britain and France as well and A-H alliance with Germany and Italy brought them in too.

11. Schlieffen Plan Germany prepared to attack France the French border was to well protected round Alsace and Lorraine. So the Germans marched through neutral Belgium through northern France straight towards Paris. In the 1800’s Britain had signed the treaty of London with Belgium promising got protect them if they were attacked so Britain declared war on Germany. Britain sent troops (BEF) into Belgium to stop the Germans. This resulted in stalemate on the western Front.

12. Technology Rifles- British Lee Enfield, German Mouser, French Lebel Artillery-Long range heavy shelling-inaccurate causing shell shock Machine Guns-Heavy defensive weapons requiring a six man team, quickly overheated Mortars- Fired grenades into enemy trenches Gas -Chlorine phosgene mustard caused 90,000 deaths  Tanks-Armed with either 6 pound gun or machine gun where unreliable and slow but where hard to destroy “Devils chariot”  Dreadnought-Large ships thick armour large battle ships powerful engines revolving turners  Aeroplanes-Used for recognisance and observation and hard to fly and control

13. British Home Front •  DORA-Defence of the realm act • Allowed the government to introduce whatever restrictions proved necessary to protect the count throughout the war. • Pub opening ours where restricted. •  Rationing-Sugar meat butter margarine bacon and ham •  British encourage to eat less •  One in four ships sunk my U boats by 1917 • Convoy used to escort ships and zeppelin air raids

14. German Home Front • British Navy enforced a blockade on Germans force • Winter Failed in 1916 and 1917 • Turnip winter • Good supplies substitute food introduced • Open to disease and Spanish flew struck and killed 1 million people • Food prices rose

15. Battle Of The Somme The battle of the Somme started in 1916. The attack was supposed to be secret. The allies planted five huge land mines. They let one off at 7.20am and then waited till 7.30 to let off the rest. This was supposed to wipe out the Germans, who had been bombarded for the last five days. Unfortunately, the allies expected the Germans to all be dead when they went over the top but the German’s had been hiding in their well built trenches and opened machine gun fire on the allies, so the attempt to take all the German trenches in one go failed. In the end, the battle went on for months.

16. Trench Warfare The French and British on one side and the Germans on the other dug trenches all along the Western Front. There was a front line trench with a secondary trench behind. They were connected but communication trenches. Supplies were stored in the secondary trenches and the injured were moved there to recover. To try and gain the land between the trenches (No-Man’s Land) the soldiers had to go ‘over the top’ into the enemy trenches and attempt to take them over. The trenches were built in a zigzag so that the enemy couldn’t shoot in a straight line all the way along. Soldiers rarely managed to take an enemy trench, so neither side advanced very far.

17. End of the War •  Despite sinking over 3 million tons of British shipping Germans had not defeated Britain • Americans joined the war morale was low and home front deteriorated • Riots erupted across Germany • They surrendered and the Kaiser resigned. • The Germans are forced to sigh a peace treaty. On the 11 November 1918 at 11o’ clock armistice was signed . Around 10 million died and 20 million where wounded.every 5 minuets someone died.

18. Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was signed by 32 countries. However, most of the decisions were made by the Big Three; France, Germany and the U.S.A. Germany, as the defeated country, were forced to agree to the terms of the treaty. France wanted Alsace and Lorraine back and Britain wanted Germany’s army and navy reduced. They both wanted Germany to pay back the costs of war. The U.S.A. didn’t want Germany and Austria-Hungary treated too harshly. They wanted to set up the League of Nations. The German and Austro-Hungarian empires were divided up and new countries like Poland and Czechoslovakia were created.

19. League of Nations  The League of Nations was set up after the Versailles peace conference. Although it was America’s idea, in the end they didn’t join so the League was mainly led by France and Britain, who often disagreed with each other. The League tried to resolve international disputes peacefully. If that didn’t work, they could impose sanctions. This only worked to a certain extent because the League didn’t have its own army so had limited power. Another major aim, disarmament, also failed because no country was country was going to reduce its army unless every other country did. However, The League of Nations did succeed in some areas. It had committees with democratically elected members who tackled issues such as world health and slavery.

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