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Fasciola hepatica. Dr. Anil Pawar Department of Zoology, DAVCG, Yamunanagar. Scientific Classification. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Trematoda Subclass: Digenea Prder Echinostomida Family: Fasciolidea Genus: Fasciola Species: hepitica.
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Fasciola hepatica Dr. Anil Pawar Department of Zoology, DAVCG, Yamunanagar.
Scientific Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Trematoda Subclass: Digenea Prder Echinostomida Family: Fasciolidea Genus: Fasciola Species:hepitica
Found in Rural areas of temperate and tropical regions Especially located in regions with cattle and sheep herding Found on every continent with nearly 180 million people at risk and an estimated 2.4 million people already infected worldwide. Geographical Distribution Transmission • Occurs through the ingestion of raw, fresh water vegetation • Plants become exposed to the metacercariae when the body of water that the vegetation is growing in becomes contaminated by eggs in the fecal mater of the infested host • - A form of infection known as halzoun (in the Middle East) is contracted by eating the raw liver of an infected animal
The adult F. hepatica lives in bile ducts of the host’s liver • Begin to produce eggs 2-4 months after initial infection • Eggs pass down the bile duct through gastrointestinal tract and are released in the hosts feces • Require water of temperature above 10 C to hatch • The egg hatches and releases miracidiae within two weeks • These newly hatched miracidiae must find a Lymanae snail host within 24 of hatching or they will die
Inside the Lymanaea miracidium loses its cilia and develops into a sporocyst • Each sporocyst develops into a ridia which then burst the sporocyst and migrate to the hepato-pancreas of the snail • Ridia then develop into cercariae • Cercariae attach to plant matter and encyst, forming metacercariae which is the infective form of the fluke • Mammalian host consumes the vegetation with the metacercariae which then excyst in the small intestine
Metacercariae burrow through the intestinal wall, move through the peritoneal cavity and enter the liver parenchyma • Immature flukes migrate through the liver patanchyma for 6-8 weeks giving rise to acute symptoms • Once mature they settle in the bile ducts and begin to produce their own eggs after about a month.
